| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】探究施用不同量生物炭4年后其对风沙土土壤理化和生物学性状、土壤质量及荞麦产量的影响，旨在为风沙土改良与生产力提升提供理论依据。【 方法】以荞麦品种通荞5号为供试材料，2020年在科尔沁沙地风沙土上分别一次性施用0，20，40和60 t/hm2生物炭（分别用BC0（对照）、BC1、BC2和BC3表示），于2023年荞麦收获期采样测定0~20 cm土层土壤团聚体特性、养分含量、微生物生物量碳氮磷含量和酶活性及荞麦产量，基于全数据集计算土壤质量指数，通过随机森林模型明确荞麦产量的关键影响因子。【 结果】与对照相比，生物炭显著降低了0~20 cm土层粒径<0.1 mm团聚体含量，提高了0.1~<0.25，0.25~<0.5和 0.5~<1 mm团聚体含量，但对1~<2 mm团聚体含量均无显著影响；生物炭明显提高了0~10和10~20 cm土层土壤团聚体平均质量直径，增幅分别为2.79%~7.00%和2.48%~8.71%。与对照相比，生物炭明显提高了土壤有机碳（SOC）、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾以及微生物生物量碳氮磷（MBC、MBN、MBP）含量，增强了脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性，其中以BC3处理对以上指标的影响最明显。与对照相比，生物炭显著提高了土壤质量指数，且土壤质量指数与生物炭施用量成正比关系。3个生物炭处理中，仅BC3显著提高了荞麦籽粒产量，较对照增产13.14%。随机森林分析结果显示，团聚体（0.1~<0.5 mm粒级）和有机碳组分（MBC、SOC）对荞麦产量贡献显著。【 结论】一次性施用 4年后，高施用量生物炭具有明显的残留效应，显著提升了风沙土土壤质量与荞麦产量，而低施用量生物炭效果有限，表明生物炭在风沙土改良中存在“施用量阈值”效应，建议生态脆弱区风沙土地区优先采用高施用量生物炭策略，以实现生物炭的长期稳定效应和农业可持续发展目标。 |
| 关键词: 科尔沁风沙土 生物炭 土壤理化性质 微生物学性状 荞麦产量 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 06. 010 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-07）；内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2020BS03027）；内蒙古自治区教育厅“加强我国北方重要生态安全屏障”研究专项（STAQZX202317） |
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| Effects of biochar application on soil quality and buckwheat yield in aeolian sandy soil of the Horqin sandy land |
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CHU Junqi1, WANG Qi2, ZHANG Yufen3, WU Chengcheng4, LIU Yanting5, ZHAO Baoping6, ZHOU Lei1
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1.College of Grassland Science， Inner Mongolia Minzu University，Tongliao，Inner Mongolia 028000，China;2.Tongliao Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences，Tongliao，Inner Mongolia 028015，China;3.College of life sciences and food engineering，Inner Mongolia Minzu University，Tongliao，Inner Mongolia 028000，China;4.College of Agricultural，Inner Mongolia Minzu University，Tongliao，Inner Mongolia 028000，China;5.Public Utilities Service Center，Tongliao，Inner Mongolia 028000，China;6.College of Agronomy，Inner Mongolia Agricultural University，Hohhot，Inner Mongolia 010019，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】This research aims to investigate the effects of different biochar application rates on the physicochemical and biological properties of aeolian sandy soil，soil quality，and buckwheat yield after four years，to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement and productivity enhancement of aeolian sandy soils.【Method】A field experiment was conducted in 2020 on aeolian sandy soil in the Horqin sandy land with the buckwheat cultivar Tongqiao No.5 as the test crop. Biochar was applied once at rates of 0，20，40，and 60 t/hm2，designated as BC0（ the control），BC1，BC2，and BC3，respectively. In 2023，during the buckwheat harvest stage，soil samples were collected from the 0?20 cm soil layer to determine soil aggregate characteristics，nutrient contents，microbial biomass carbon，nitrogen，and phosphorus，enzyme activities，and buckwheat yield. Based on the full dataset，the soil quality index（ SQI） was calculated，and key yield-influencing factors were identified by using a random forest model.【Result】Compared with the control，biochar application significantly reduced the content of soil aggregates <0.1 mm in the 0-20 cm soil layer，and increased the contents of 0. 1-<0.25，0.25-<0.5，and 0.5-<1 mm aggregates. However，no significant effect was observed for the 1-<2 mm aggregates. Biochar application notably increased the mean weight diameter（MWD） of soil aggregates in both the 0?10 cm（increased by 2.79%-7.00%） and 10-20 cm（increased by 2.48%-8.71%） soil layers. In addition，biochar application significantly enhanced soil organic carbon（SOC），available nitrogen，available phosphorus，available potassium，and microbial biomass carbon（MBC），microbial biomass nitrogen（MBN），and microbial biomass phosphorus（MBP） contents，as well as the activities of urease，sucrase，and alkaline phosphatase. Among all treatments，BC3 treatment showed the most pronounced improvements in these indicators. Biochar application also significantly improved the SQI，which increased proportionally with increasing application rate. Among the three biochar treatments，only BC3 treatment significantly increased buckwheat grain yield，showing a 13. 14% increase compared with the control. Random forest analysis indicated that 0.1-<0.5 mm aggregates and organic carbon components（MBC and SOC） were the major contributors to buckwheat yield.【Conclusion】Four years after a one-time application，high rates of biochar application demonstrated a pronounced residual effect，significantly improving soil quality and buckwheat yield in aeolian sandy soils. In contrast，low application rates had limited effects，suggesting a“ threshold effect” for biochar application in such soils.Therefore，in ecologically fragile regions affected by aeolian sandy soils，priority should be given to high-rate biochar application strategies to achieve long-term，stable effects and support sustainable agricultural development. |
| Key words: Horqin aeolian sandy soil biochar soil physicochemical properties biological characteristics buckwheat yield |
