| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】对苹果山梨醇脱氢酶（sorbitol dehydrogenase，SDH）基因家族进行鉴定，并分析了SDH基因 对非生物胁迫的响应，以探明SDH基因功能，为提高苹果抗逆性提供参考。【 方法】首先利用苹果基因组数据库和 EMBL-EBI 网站进行筛选，确定最终的SDH基因序列，之后对苹果SDH基因编码蛋白家族成员的理化性质以及二级 结构进行预测；然后分析了苹果SDH基因家族的系统进化关系、顺式作用元件、保守结构域以及在不同组织中的表达情况；最后采用实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR），以正常生长的苹果试管苗为对照，分析了干旱胁迫（10% PEG）、盐胁迫（200 mmol/L NaCl）和低温胁迫（4 ℃）下SDH基因表达水平的变化。【 结果】从苹果中鉴定到30个山梨醇脱氢酶（SDH）基因，并根据其在染色体上的位置命名为MdSDH01~MdSDH30，这些基因编码的蛋白质具有324~430个氨基酸，等电点为5. 61~8. 27，分子质量为34 647. 76~46 931. 21 ku；30个SDH基因分布在9条染色体上，二级结构主要以无规则卷曲和 α-螺旋为主；SDH蛋白分布在A、C、D、E和F 5个组中。30个SDH基因序列中存在10个保守结构 域，启动子区域分布有与激素、防御与应激和逆境胁迫等有关的响应元件。MdSDH05、MdSDH07、MdSDH10、MdSDH14、MdSDH21、MdSDH26和MdSDH28在不同组织中均有表达，其余23个SDH基因未表达。RT-qPCR结果表明，与对照相比，干旱胁迫处理后，30个SDH基因的表达均上调；盐胁迫处理后，MdSDH04、MdSDH05、MdSDH07和MdSDH23的相对表达量增幅较高；低温胁迫处理后，MdSDH30的表达量极显著上调。【 结论】SDH家族成员具有明显的保守性，在苹果不同组织中的表达模式存在显著差异，苹果SDH基因家族在响应多种逆境胁迫时发挥着重要作用。 |
| 关键词: 苹果 SDH基因家族 生物信息学 基因表达分析 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. cnki.jnwafu. 2026. 05. 001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:甘肃农业大学“大学生科研训练计划（SRTP）”项目（202112010）；甘肃省高校青年博士基金项目（2025QB-045）；甘肃省重大科技专项（22ZD6NA045）；国家自然科学基金项目（32460745） |
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| Identification of the SDH gene family in apple and its response to different abiotic stresses |
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HU Huanhuan, CAO Xuejing, DU Chenglong, DOU Zhiqi, SHAO Yun, LI Wenfang, CHEN Baihong, MA Zonghuan
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College of Horticulture，Gansu Agricultural University，Lanzhou，Gausu 730070，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】The study aims to identify the sorbitol dehydrogenase（SDH）gene family in apples and analyze the response of SDH genes to abiotic stress，in order to elucidate the functions of SDH genes and provide references for improving apple stress resistance.【Method】The SDH gene sequences were initially screened using the apple genome database and the EMBL-EBI website. Subsequently，the physicochemical properties and secondary structures of the encoded proteins of the apple SDH gene family were predicted. The phylogenetic relationships，cis-acting elements，conserved domains，and expression patterns in different tissues of the apple SDH gene family were then analyzed. Finally，real-time quantitative PCR（RT-qPCR） was used to compare the expression levels of SDH genes under drought stress（ 10% PEG），salt stress（ 200 mmol/L NaCl），and low-temperature stress（4 ℃） using normally grown apple plantlets as controls.【Result】Thirty sorbitol dehydrogenase（SDH）genes were identified in apples and named MdSDH01 to MdSDH30 based on their chromosomal locations. The proteins encoded by these genes consisted of 324 to 430 amino acids，with isoelectric points ranging from 5. 61 to 8. 27 and molecular weights ranging from 34 647. 76?46 931. 21 ku. 30 SDH genes were distributed across 9 chromosomes，and their secondary structures were primarily composed of random coils and α-helices. SDH were grouped into five subgroups：A，C，D，E and F. Ten conserved domains were found in the 30 SDH gene sequences，and the promoter regions contained response elements related to hormones，defense and stress，and adversity stress adaptability，and stress induction.MdSDH05，MdSDH07，MdSDH10，MdSDH14，MdSDH21，MdSDH26 and MdSDH28 were expressed in various tissues，while the remaining 23 SDH genes were not expressed. RT-qPCR results showed that，compared to the control，the expression of all 30 SDH genes was upregulated under drought stress. Under salt stress，the expression levels of MdSDH04，MdSDH05，MdSDH07 and MdSDH23 increased significantly. Under low-temperature stress，the expression of MdSDH30 was significantly upregulated.【Conclusion】SDH family members are obviously conservative，and their expression patterns in different tissues of apple are significantly different. Apple SDH gene family plays an important role in response to various stress conditions. |
| Key words: apple SDH gene family bioinformatics gene expression analysis |
