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| 基于NSGA-Ⅲ算法优化滴灌苹果灌水量及施肥量 |
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张在男1,2, 赵经华1,2, 秦伟3, 徐静波1,2, 范子奥1,2, 谢香文4
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1.新疆农业大学 水利与土木工程学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052;2.新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052;3.新疆和田学院，新疆 和田 848000;4.新疆农业科学院 土壤肥料与农业节水研究所，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830091
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| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】探究干旱区水肥耦合对滴灌苹果生长、产量、品质及水肥利用效率的影响，并优化滴灌苹果的灌水量和施肥量，以实现节水节肥和提质增效的目的。【 方法】以新疆阿克苏市8年生苹果树为试验对象，开展滴灌苹果田间试验，试验设置3个灌水量梯度（低水675 mm（W1）、中水800 mm（W2）、高水925 mm（W3））和3个施肥量梯度（低肥562.5 kg/hm2（F1）、中肥 750. 0 kg/hm2（F2）、高肥 937. 5 kg/hm2（F3）），进行完全组合设计，共9个处理，测定不同处理苹果果实生长、产量、品质及水肥利用效率；在此基础上，以苹果产量、灌溉水利用效率、肥料偏生产力、可溶性固形物含量、果肉硬度为目标，构建多目标的灌水量和施肥量二元二次回归模型，利用第三代非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅲ）对回归模型进行验证求解，最终筛选出灌水量和施肥量的最优解。【 结果】不同水肥耦合处理对苹果果实生长、产量和品质以及灌溉水利用效率、肥料偏生产力有明显影响。9个处理中，W2F2处理全生育期的果实纵径、横
径均最高，分别为51.51和60.11 mm；产量最高，达到62.24 t/hm2；单果质量、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量最高，分别为296.68 g、0.84和15.30%；果肉硬度较高，为8.96 kg/cm2；灌溉水利用效率及肥料偏生产力较高，分别为77.80 kg/（hm2·mm）和82.98 kg/kg。通过NSGA-Ⅲ算法验证并求解，确定最优的灌水量和施肥量分别为821.11 mm、783. 22 kg/hm2，对应的苹果产量、灌溉水利用效率、肥料偏生产力、可溶性固形物含量及果肉硬度分别为66.68 t/hm2、79.73 kg/（hm2·mm）、84.52 kg/kg、15.47%、9.16 kg/cm2，以上指标均优于表现较佳的W2F2处理。【 结论】适宜的灌水量和施肥量能明显促进苹果果实生长发育，提高产量和改善品质以及节水节肥。通过NSGA-Ⅲ算法得到了最优的灌水量和施肥量。 |
| 关键词: 苹果 滴灌 水肥耦合 NSGA-Ⅲ算法 灌水量 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.jnwafu.2026.04.010 |
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| 基金项目:新疆林果产业技术体系项目（XJLGCYJSTX04-2024）；新疆维吾尔自治区“十四五”重大专项（2023A02002-5） |
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| Optimization of the irrigation amount and fertilizer amount of drip irrigation apple based on NSGA-Ⅲ algorithm |
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ZHANG Zainan1,2, ZHAO Jinghua1,2, QIN Wei3, XU Jingbo1,2, FAN Zi’ao1,2, XIE Xiangwen4
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1.College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering，Xinjiang Agricultural University，Urumqi，Xinjiang 830052，China;2.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy Engineering Safety and Water Disaster revention，Urumqi，Xinjiang 830052，China;3.Hotan University，Hotan，Xinjiang 848000，China;4.Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Urumqi，Xinjiang 830091，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】This research aimed to investigate the effects of water-fertilizer coupling on the growth，yield，quality，and water-fertilizer use efficiency of drip-irrigated apple trees in arid regions，and to optimize the irrigation and fertilization amounts for drip-irrigated apples，to save water and fertilizer while improving quality and efficiency.【Method】An 8-year-old apple orchard in Aksu City was selected for the field experiment. The experiment included three irrigation levels（ low water：675 mm（W1），medium water：800 mm（W2），high water：925 mm（W3）） and three fertilization levels（ low fertilizer：562.5 kg/hm2（F1），medium fertilizer：750. 0 kg/hm2（F2），high fertilizer：937. 5 kg/hm2（F3）），with a full factorial design resulting in nine treatments.The growth，yield，quality，and water-fertilizer use efficiency of apple trees under different treatments were measured. Based on these results，a multi-objective binary quadratic regression model for irrigation amount and fertilization amount was constructed，with apple yield，irrigation water use efficiency，partial fertilizer productivity，soluble solid content，and flesh firmness as the target. The third-generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm（ NSGA-Ⅲ） was used to validate and solve the regression model，ultimately identifying the optimal irrigation and fertilization amounts.【Result】Different water-fertilizer coupling treatments significantly affected apple fruit growth，yield，quality，irrigation water use efficiency，and partial fertilizer productivity. Among the nine treatments，the W2F2 treatment showed the highest fruit longitudinal diameter（51.51 mm） and transverse diameter（60.11 mm） throughout the growth period. It also achieved the highest yield of 62. 24 t/hm2，along with the highest single fruit weight（296.68 g）， fruit shape index（0.84），and soluble solid content（15.30%）. The fruit firmness was relatively high at 8.96 kg/cm2，the irrigation water use efficiency was relatively high at 77.80 kg/（hm2·mm），and the partial fertilizer productivity was relatively high at 82.98 kg/kg. Through validation and solution of the NSGA- Ⅲ algorithm，the optimal irrigation and fertilization amounts were determined to be 821.11 mm and 783.22 kg/hm2，respectively，corresponding to an apple yield of 66.68 t/hm2，irrigation water use efficiency of 79.73 kg/（hm2·mm），partial fertilizer productivity of 84.52 kg/kg，soluble solid content of 15.47%，and flesh firmness of 9.16 kg/cm2. All of these indicators were better than those in the W2F2 treatment，which showed relatively good performance.【Conclusion】Appropriate irrigation and fertilization amounts can significantly promote apple growth， increase yield， improve quality，and save water and fertilizer. The optimal irrigation and fertilization amounts obtained through the NSGA-Ⅲ algorithm provide a basis for achieving high-quality，high-efficiency，water-saving，and fertilizer-saving apple production. |
| Key words: apple drip irrigation water-fertilizer coupling NSGA-Ⅲ algorithm irrigation amount |
