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| 不同有机物料配施化肥对陕西渭南盐渍化农田土壤的改良效果 |
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王芳霞1,2, 孙凯1,2, 田涵1,2, 张建国1,2, 李雄1,2, 沈靖杰3, 沈锋4
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1.西北农林科技大学 资源环境学院，陕西 杨凌 712100;2.农业农村部 西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室，西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室，陕西 杨凌 712100;3.西北农林科技大学 经济管理学院，陕西 杨凌 712100;4.杨凌锦华生态技术股份有限公司，陕西 杨凌 712100
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析不同有机物料配施化肥对陕西渭南盐渍化农田土壤的改良效果，确定最优的施肥改良模式，以期为该地区农业高质量发展提供技术支撑。【方法】以陕西渭南典型盐渍化农田土壤为研究对象，采用田间小区试验，设置生物炭配施化肥 (B)、有机肥配施化肥 (OF)、生物菌肥配施化肥（BF）、单施化肥（对照，CK）4个处理，探究了不同有机物料配施化肥对玉米拔节期和成熟期各土层土壤理化性质及玉米生长和产量的影响。【结果】①与CK相比，不同有机物料配施化肥处理对玉米拔节期和成熟期各土层土壤含水量有明显影响。随着土层深度的增加，不同处理土壤含水量总体呈增加的趋势。在玉米拔节期，B、OF、BF处理10~40 cm土层土壤含水量明显高于CK，其中BF处理高于其他处理；在玉米成熟期， B、OF、BF处理10~80 cm土层土壤含水量总体低于CK。②在玉米拔节期和成熟期，不同有机物料配施化肥处理对各土层土壤pH、电导率和水溶性盐离子（Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、SO2-4、Cl- 、CO2-3、HCO-3）含量有明显影响。与CK相比，不同有机物料配施化肥处理总体均降低了各土层土壤pH，其中BF处理0~20 cm土层土壤pH降低幅度较大；OF、BF处理总体降低了各土层土壤电导率。与CK相比，不同有机物料配施化肥总体降低了土壤水溶性阳离子（拔节期K+和Ca2+除外）和阴离子（拔节期SO2-4和Cl-除外）含量，且对浅层土壤的降低效果更显著。③在玉米拔节期和成熟期，与CK相比，不同有机物料配施化肥处理总体提高了土壤有机质含量；不同有机物料配施化肥处理对土壤速效磷、硝态氮和铵态氮含量有明显影响，其中BF处理土壤速效磷、硝态氮和铵态氮含量总体较高。④与CK相比，B、OF和BF处理均提高了拔节期和成熟期玉米的株高及茎粗；显著提高了玉米产量，增幅分别为22.08%，23.68%，23.77%。【结论】不同有机物料配施化肥对玉米拔节期和成熟期各土层土壤理化性质及玉米生长和产量有明显影响，其中生物菌肥配施化肥(BF)处理对盐渍化土壤的改良效果以及玉米的增产效果较佳，建议在陕西渭南地区盐渍化农田改良中推广应用。 |
| 关键词: 盐渍化土壤 有机物料；土壤改良 陕西渭南 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.jnwafu.2026.02.006 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDLNY02-03)；榆林市科技计划项目(2023-CXY-219)；国家自然科学基金项目(41877541) |
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| Improvement effects of different organic materials combined with chemical fertilizers on salinized farmland soil in Weinan,Shaanxi Province |
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WANG Fangxia1,2, SUN Kai1,2, TIAN Han1,2, ZHANG Jianguo1,2, LI Xiong1,2, SHEN Jingjie3, SHEN Feng4
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1.College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;2.Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northwest China,Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;3.College of Economics & Management,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;4.Yangling Jinhua Ecological Technology Co.,Ltd.,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Through analyzing the improving effects of different organic materials combined with chemical fertilizers on the saline farmland soil in Weinan,Shaanxi Province,this research aimed to determine the optimal fertilization improvement model,to provide technical support for the high-quality development of agriculture in this region.【Method】With typical salinized farmland soil in Weinan of Shaanxi Province as research object,a field plot experiment was conducted and four treatments were set:biochar combined with chemical fertilizer (B),organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer (OF),biological bacterial fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer (BF),and single chemical fertilizer (CK).The effects of different organic materials combined with chemical fertilizers on soil physical and chemical properties and maize growth and yield at jointing and mature stages were investigated.【Result】① Compared with CK,different treatments of organic materials combined with chemical fertilizer had a significant effect on soil water content in each soil layer at jointing stage and mature stage of maize.With the increase of soil depth,the soil water content of different treatments showed an increasing trend.During the jointing stage,the soil water content of 10-40 cm soil layer in B,OF and BF treatments was significantly higher than that in CK,and the soil water content in BF treatment was higher than those in other treatments.In the mature stage,the soil water content in the 10-80 cm soil layer of B,OF and BF treatments was lower than that in CK.② In the jointing stage and mature stage of maize,different treatments of organic materials combined with chemical fertilizer had significant effects on soil pH,electrical conductivity and water-soluble salt ions (Na+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+,SO2-4,Cl-,CO2-3,HCO-3) content in each soil layer.Compared with CK,different treatments of organic materials combined with chemical fertilizer generally reduced the soil pH in each soil layer,and the soil pH in the 0-20 cm soil layer of BF treatment decreased significantly.OF and BF treatments generally reduced the soil electrical conductivity of each soil layer.Compared with CK,different treatments of organic materials combined with chemical fertilizers generally reduced soil water-soluble cations (except K+ and Ca2+ at jointing stage) and anions (except SO2-4 and Cl- at jointing stage),and the reduction effect on shallow soil was more significant.③ In jointing stage and mature stage of maize,compared with CK,different treatments of organic materials combined with chemical fertilizer increased soil organic matter content.The combined application of different organic materials with chemical fertilizers had a significant effect on the contents of available phosphorus,nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in soil,and the contents of available phosphorus,nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in soil in BF treatment were generally higher.④ Compared with CK,B,OF and BF treatments increased the plant height and stem diameter of maize at jointing stage and mature stage.The yield of maize was significantly increased by 22.08% in treatment B,23.68% in treatment OF and 23.77% in treatment BF,respectively.【Conclusion】Different organic materials combined with chemical fertilizers had significant effects on soil physical and chemical properties,maize growth and yield at jointing and mature stages of maize.Among them,biological bacterial fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer showed better effect on the improvement of salinized soil and the yield increase of maize.It is suggested to be popularized and applied in the improvement of salinized farmland in Weinan area of Shaanxi Province. |
| Key words: saline alkali soil organic material soil improvement Weinan,Shaanxi |
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