| 摘要: |
| 【目的】在新疆干旱半干旱灌溉农业条件下，采用膜下滴灌种植方式，探讨大豆-玉米不同复合种植模式对玉米形态特征、光合特征、干物质积累、复合群体产量及土地当量比的影响，明确新疆生态农业区适宜的复合种植模式及高产玉米品种，为大豆-玉米间作高产、高效栽培及实现“大豆增产、玉米稳产”提供理论和技术支撑。【方法】采用二因素裂区试验设计，主因素为不同复合间作模式，副因素为不同玉米品种，采用膜下滴灌方式进行。2022年主因素设置两种种植模式，分别为P1模式（间作1∶4∶1模式）、P2模式（间作2∶2∶2模式），副因素选用3个玉米品种；2023年在2022年基础上进行改进与优化，主因素设置两种种植模式，分别为P2模式、P3模式（间作4∶2模式），副因素同2022年，以单作玉米（M0）、单作大豆（B0）为对照，测定不同处理玉米形态特征、光合特征、干物质积累及群体产量等相关指标。【结果】大豆-玉米复合间作提高了玉米株高、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、干物质积累量及净面积产量，同时提高了作物对土地的利用率，且具有显著优势，其中间作2∶2∶2模式较单作增幅较大，玉米叶面积指数及干物质积累量平均较单作分别提高34.6%和67.8%，是新疆干旱半干旱灌溉农业区适宜发展的复合间作模式。垦玉4606是间作模式下表现较好的玉米品种，间作模式下垦玉4606的叶面积指数、冠层叶片叶绿素含量和干物质积累量均最高，平均较其他2个品种提高10.4%，5.9%和10.8%。【结论】间作2∶2∶2模式优势明显，是适宜在新疆春玉米灌溉农业区推广发展的复合间作模式；垦玉4606的干物质积累量及产量较高，是适宜大豆-玉米复合间作的春玉米品种。 |
| 关键词: 玉米 大豆 复合种植模式 干物质积累 玉米栽培 土地当量比 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.jnwafu.2026.02.004 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（32360539）；四川省区域创新合作对口科技援疆项目（2021YFQ0015） |
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| Effects of soybean-maize composite intercropping pattern on photosynthetic characteristics and yield formation of maize |
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WU Haonan, WANG Xuewen, HU Jing, WU Zhongliang, LIU Jianxun, LI Yongbin, YANG Shangbo, PAN Ruijie, GOU Ling
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Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps，College of Agriculture，Shihezi University，Shihezi，Xinjiang 832003，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Under the arid and semi-arid irrigation agricultural conditions in Xinjiang,drip irrigation planting under film was used to explore the effects of different soybean-maize composite planting patterns on maize morphological characteristics,photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation,yield of composite populations,and land-equivalent ratios.This research aims to clarify the suitable composite planting pattern and maize varieties with high yield in Xinjiang ecological agricultural area,to provide theoretical and technical support for the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of soybean-maize under intercropping,and to “increase the soybean yield,stabilize the maize yield”.【Method】A two-factor split plot experimental design was adopted.The main factor was composite intercropping patterns,and the secondary factor was maize varieties.The method of drip irrigation under film was used.In 2022,the main factor setting included two planting patterns,namely P1 pattern (intercropping 1∶4∶1) and P2 pattern (intercropping 2∶2∶2),and the secondary factor setting included three maize varieties.In 2023,the design was improved and optimized based on the design in 2022.The main factor setting included two planting patterns,namely P2 pattern and P3 pattern (intercropping 4∶2),and the secondary factor setting was the same as 2022.Using monoculture maize (M0) and monoculture soybean (B0) as control,the morphological characteristics,photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and population yield of maize were measured.【Result】Soybean-maize intercropping showed significant advantages.It not only increased maize plant height,leaf area index,chlorophyll content,dry matter accumulation and net area yield,but also improved the utilization rate of land.Maize leaf area index and dry matter accumulation increased by 34.6% and 67.8% on average under the intercropping 2∶2∶2 pattern,which was suitable for the development of arid and semi-arid irrigation agricultural area in Xinjiang.The leaf area index,canopy leaf chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation of Kenyu 4606 under the intercropping pattern were the highest,and the average increase was 10.4%,5.9% and 10.8% compared with those of the other two varieties.【Conclusion】The intercropping 2∶2∶2 pattern shows obvious advantages and is a suitable composite intercropping pattern in spring maize irrigation agricultural areas in Xinjiang,which should be promoted and developed.Kenyu 4606 has high dry matter accumulation and yield,and is a suitable spring maize variety for soybean-maize composite intercropping. |
| Key words: maize soybeans composite cropping pattern dry matter accumulation maize cultivation land equivalent ratio |
