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| 有机肥替代化肥对向日葵籽粒灌浆特性、产量及品质的影响 |
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郭雪娇1, 张婷婷2,3,4, 梁俊梅1,2,3,4, 张君2,3,4, 张胜1, 安昊2,3,4, 兰慧青2,3,4, 侯建伟2,3,4, 张诗雨1, 王新凯1, 赵旭1
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1.内蒙古农业大学 农学院，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010018;2.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;3.国家土壤质量武川观测实验站，内蒙古 武川 011705;4.内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】深入揭示有机肥替代化肥对向日葵籽粒灌浆特性及其品质的影响机制，探索适用于阴山北麓地区提高向日葵籽粒产量并促进其品质提升的绿色施肥技术。【方法】在国家土壤质量武川观测实验站进行田间试验，比较分析不同有机肥替代化肥比例（100%M、75%M、50%M、25%M）和单施化肥（NPK）对向日葵干物质积累量、籽粒灌浆特性的影响以及产量和品质间的相关关系，并采用Logistic模型拟合籽粒灌浆过程，分析百粒质量增长动态和灌浆参数。【结果】有机肥替代化肥可以提高向日葵籽粒灌浆速率，增加百粒质量和产量。各处理灌浆期百粒质量与花后时间符合Logistic模型，决定系数均在0.98以上。25%M处理向日葵的籽粒平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率和灌浆速率最大时的生长量表现最好，与NPK处理相比，灌浆缓增期的持续时间延长了8.46%，灌浆速率提升了1.92%。相关性分析表明，百粒质量与平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率和灌浆速率最大时的生长量呈正相关，与灌浆渐增期和快增期持续时间呈负相关，籽粒产量对百粒质量的依赖性高。有机肥替代化肥处理向日葵的棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、油酸、亚麻酸和粗脂肪含量较NPK处理均有不同程度提高。冗余分析进一步表明，向日葵的粗脂肪和脂肪酸含量与籽粒最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率及灌浆缓增期的持续时间和灌浆速率呈正相关，亚油酸含量与向日葵籽粒产量呈负相关。25%M处理可以通过提高籽粒灌浆缓增期的持续时间和灌浆速率，提升向日葵百粒质量、粗脂肪和脂肪酸各组分的含量，进而提高向日葵籽粒产量。【结论】向日葵灌浆特性和产量对不同有机肥替代化肥比例的响应不同，25%有机肥替代化肥可以显著促进向日葵生长发育，优化籽粒灌浆特性，增加籽粒产量，是提升向日葵产量和品质的有效措施。 |
| 关键词: 向日葵 有机肥替代化肥 灌浆特性 Logistic模型 向日葵产量 向日葵品质 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.12.009 |
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| 基金项目:国家特色油料产业技术体系项目（CARS-14-1-15）；内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目（2023CXJJN20）；国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD190050504） |
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| Effects of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer on grain filling characteristics,yield and quality of sunflowers |
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GUO Xuejiao1, ZHANG Tingting2,3,4, LIANG Junmei1,2,3,4, ZHANG Jun2,3,4, ZHANG Sheng1, AN Hao2,3,4, LAN Huiqing2,3,4, HOU Jianwei2,3,4, ZHANG Shiyu1, WANG Xinkai1, ZHAO Xu1
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1.College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010018,China;2.Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010031,China;3.National Observatory and Experiment Station for Soil Quality Wuchuan,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 011705,China;4.Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dry Farming,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010031,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study aimed to thoroughly reveal the mechanisms underlying the effects of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizers on sunflower grain filling characteristics and quality,and to explore green fertilization techniques suitable for enhancing sunflower grain yield and improving quality in the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains.【Method】A field experiment was conducted at the National Soil Quality Wuchuan Observation and Experiment Station.A comparative analysis were conducted to evaluate the impacts of different organic fertilizer substitution ratios (100%M,75%M,50%M,25%M) versus NPK fertilization alone on sunflower dry matter accumulation,grain filling characteristics,and yield-quality correlations.The grain filling process was fitted using a Logistic model to analyze the dynamic growth of 100-grain weight and filling parameters.【Result】Organic fertilizer substitution improved sunflower grain filling rates,increased 100-grain weight,and enhanced yield.The 100-grain weight during the filling stage across all treatments conformed to the Logistic model,with coefficients of determination (R2) exceeding 0.98.The 25%M treatment exhibited the best performance in average grain filling rate,maximum grain filling rate,and growth amount at the maximum filling rate.Compared to the NPK treatment,the duration of the slow-filling phase in 25%M was prolonged by 8.46%,and the filling rate increased by 1.92%.Correlation analysis revealed positive correlations between 100-grain weight and average filling rate,maximum filling rate,and growth amount at maximum filling rate,but negative correlations with durations of the gradual and rapid filling phases.Grain yield exhibited strong dependence on 100-grain weight.Organic fertilizer substitution treatments increased the contents of palmitic acid,stearic acid,linoleic acid,oleic acid,linolenic acid,and crude fat compared to NPK.Redundancy analysis (RDA) further demonstrated that crude fat and fatty acid contents positively correlated with maximum filling rate,average filling rate,and both duration and rate during the slow-filling phase,whereas linoleic acid content negatively correlated with grain yield.The 25%M treatment enhanced 100-grain weight,crude fat,and fatty acid components by increasing the duration and rate of the slow-filling phase,thereby boosting grain yield.【Conclusion】Sunflower grain filling characteristics and yield exhibited differential responses to different substitution ratios of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizers.The 25% substitution of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizer significantly enhanced plant growth,optimized grain filling traits,and increased grain yield,serving as an effective strategy to improve sunflower yield and quality in the region. |
| Key words: sunflower organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer grain filling characteristics Logistic model sunflower yield sunflower quality |
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