| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确烤烟K326上部烟叶适宜的成熟特征，提高上部烟叶品质。【方法】以K326上部烟叶为试验材料，设置5个采收成熟度，提前4 d采收（M1）、正常采收（M2）、推迟4 d采收（M3）、推迟8 d采收（M4）、推迟12 d采收（M5），测量其田间上部叶外观特征变化，并分析不同采收成熟度对烟叶化学成分、感官质量、经济性状的影响，采用层次分析法和熵值法对各指标进行组合赋权，最终基于TOPSIS法建立以优质、适产、高经济效益为目标的烟叶品质综合评价模型。【结果】随着采收期的推迟，烟叶SPAD逐渐减小，叶色相对值呈先下降后上升的趋势，茎叶夹角逐渐增大；烤后烟叶总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比先上升后下降，烟碱含量先降低后升高；感官质量和经济性状均呈现先上升后下降的趋势。与提前采收和正常采收相比，适当延迟采收能改善K326上部烟叶的品质，烤后烟叶烟碱含量低、糖碱比高、香气足、刺激性低、产值高。综合3类23个指标建立TOPSIS多目标综合评价模型，代入各指标组合权重计算得出M4处理烟叶贴近度最大，为0.766 6，此处理下烟叶综合品质最优；M3处理次之；M1处理最低，仅为0.145 8。【结论】 适当提高K326的采收成熟度可有效改善烟叶品质，其最佳的采收时期为推迟8 d采收，最佳采收特征为SPAD值为14.5~15.7，叶色相对值为1.06左右，茎叶夹角为52.0°~61.2°，茎叶夹角差值为9.4°左右。 |
| 关键词: 烤烟上部叶 成熟特征 TOPSIS 层次分析法 熵值法 综合评价 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.12.002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:河南中烟工业有限责任公司资助项目（AW202189） |
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| Suitable maturity characteristics of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco K326 based on multi-objective comprehensive evaluation |
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WANG Pengyu1, JIANG Chenguang2, ZHAO Dongfang3, ZHANG Shuai3, WANG Weining3, LI Changgen1, DUAN Weidong1,4
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1.College of Tobacco Science,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450046,China;2.Zhengzhou Branch of Henan Tobacco Company,Zhengzhou,Henan 450000,China;3.Chongqing Provincial Company of China National Tobacco Corporation,Chongqing 400023,China;4.China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co.Ltd.,Zhengzhou,Henan 450016,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study aimed to determine the suitable maturity characteristics of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco K326 and improve the quality of upper leaves.【Method】The upper leaves of K326 were taken as experimental materials.Five harvest maturity treatments were set:leaves harvested 4 days prematurely (M1),conventional harvest (M2),and delayed harvests by 4 days (M3),8 days (M4),and 12 days (M5).Morphological characteristics of the field-grown upper leaves were measured,followed by analysis of treatment effects on chemical composition,sensory quality,and economic traits of tobacco leaves.Integrated weights were assigned through analytic hierarchy process and entropy method.Finally,a comprehensive evaluation model targeting high quality,suitable yield and high economic benefit for tobacco leaf was established based on TOPSIS method.【Result】With the postponement of the harvest date, tobacco leaf SPAD decreased gradually,while the relative leaf color value decreased first and then increased.The stem-leaf angle widened gradually.In flue-cured leaves,total sugar,reducing sugar and sugar-nicotine ratio first rose and then fell,whereas the nicotine content decreased first before increasing.Both sensory quality and economic traits increased first and then decreased.Compared with early and conventional harvests,appropriate delayed harvest improved the quality of K326 upper tobacco leaves,resulting in cured tobacco leaves with lower nicotine content,higher sugar-nicotine ratios,ample aroma,low irritation and high output value.The TOPSIS multi-objective comprehensive evaluation model was established by combining 23 indexes of 3 categories.After calculating the combined weights of each index,the closeness for the M4 treatment was the highest at 0.766 6,indicating optimal comprehensive leaf quality.The M3 treatment ranked second,while the M1 treatment was the lowest at 0.145 8.【Conclusion】Appropriately increasing the harvest maturity of K326 effectively improved tobacco leaf quality.The optimal harvest period was to delay the harvest by 8 days,with optimal maturity indicators defined as follows:SPAD value of 14.5－15.7,leaf color relative value of approximately 1.06,stem-leaf angle of 52.0°－61.2°,and stem leaf angle difference of around 9.4 °. |
| Key words: upper tobacco leaves maturity characteristics TOPSIS analytic hierarchy process entropy method comprehensive evaluation |
