| 摘要: |
| 【目的】设计缺口圆盘式条带少耕清秸装置，为东北地区玉米条带少耕农艺条件下，覆盖量大且粗壮难腐烂秸秆的清理提供支持。【方法】依据玉米条带少耕农艺要求，设计了缺口圆盘式条带少耕清秸装置及其关键部件，通过对清秸装置清秸过程的运动学分析，确定影响清秸效果的关键参数。利用EDEM2022离散元仿真软件，以清秸率和作业阻力为评价指标，以前进速度、前倾角和侧倾角为试验因素，进行三因素五水平参数仿真组合试验，并建立回归模型；再采用多目标变量优化方法，运用Design-Expert 13.0对回归模型进行优化求解，确定最佳结构参数组合；最后以清秸率和机具通过性为指标，利用圆整后的参数组合开展台架验证试验，对仿真结果的可靠性进行验证。【结果】依据条带少耕农艺要求，确定了清秸装置缺口圆盘刃口曲线的结构方程，获得其关键参数为：缺口圆盘直径317 mm，盘面厚度5 mm，安装间距155 mm，盘齿9个。清秸过程的运动学分析获得了清秸装置的运动轨迹方程，确定影响清秸装置清秸性能的主要因素有机具前进速度及缺口圆盘的前倾角与侧倾角；多因素仿真试验分析表明，设计的缺口圆盘式条带少耕清秸装置在前进速度为7.3 km/h、前倾角为24.15°、侧偏角为15.83°时，清秸效果最佳，在此最优参数组合下清秸率为92.40%，作业阻力为130.62 N；利用最佳作业参数的圆整值（前进速度7.3 km/h、前倾角24°、侧倾角16°）进行台架验证试验，结果表明其清秸率为91.23%，机具通过顺畅无堵塞。【结论】所设计的缺口圆盘式玉米条带少耕清秸装置结构可靠，可以满足东北地区玉米条带少耕作业的农艺要求。 |
| 关键词: 玉米播种 条带少耕 清秸装置 缺口圆盘 离散元仿真 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.11.001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD1501005-06）；黑龙江省重点研发计划项目（2022ZX05B05-01） |
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| Design and experiment of notched disc corn strip less tillage and straw clearing device |
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SAN Yuhang, TAO Guixiang, YI Shujuan, XU Shicheng
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College of Engineering，Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163319，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study aimed to design a notched disc corn strip less tillage and straw clearing device to provide support for removing high-coverage,robust,and recalcitrant corn straws under the agronomic conditions of corn strip less tillage in Northeast China.【Method】Based on the agronomic requirements of corn strip tillage,the notched disc corn strip tillage straw clearing device and its key components were designed.Kinematic analysis of the straw clearing process was conducted to identify critical parameters influencing straw removal efficiency.Using EDEM2022 discrete element simulation software, a three-factor,five-level simulation combination test was carried out,with straw clearing rate and operational resistance as evaluation metrics,and forward speed,forward tilt angle,and side tilt angle as test factors.A regression model was set up and optimized via multi-objective variable optimization method using Design-Expert 13.0,determining the optimal parameter combination.Finally,bench validation tests were performed using rounded parameter values,with straw clearing rate and machine passability as the indicators,to verify the reliability of the simulation results.【Result】Based on the agronomic requirements of strip less tillage,structural equations for the cutting edge curve of the disc teeth of the straw clearing device were established,with key parameters determined as follows: notched disc diameter 317 mm,disc thickness 5 mm,installation spacing 155 mm,and 9 disc teeth.Kinematic analysis of the straw clearing process obtained revealed the kinematic trajectory equations of the device,identifying forward speed,forward inclination angle, and inclination angle of the notched disc as the primary factors influencing cleaning performance.Multi-factor simulation test analysis showed that the designed notched disc corn strip less tillage straw clearing device achieved optimal performance at 7.3 km/h forward speed,24.15° forward tilt angle,and 15.83° side tilt angle,yielding a straw clearing rate of 92.40% and operational resistance of 130.62 N.Bench validation tests using rounded values of the best operating parameters (forward speed 7.3 km/h,forward tilt angle 24°,side tilt angle 16°) confirmed a straw clearing rate of 91.23% with smooth implement operation and no clogging.【Conclusion】The notched disc corn strip less tillage straw clearing device demonstrated structural reliability and effectively fulfilled the agronomic requirements for corn strip less tillage operation in Northeast China. |
| Key words: corn sowing strip less tillage straw clearing device notched discs discrete element simulation |
