| 摘要: |
| 【目的】针对南疆干旱地区核桃水肥利用效率低及高效水肥制度不明晰的问题，以核桃提质增效为目标，研究水肥耦合条件对地下滴灌核桃树的生理生长指标、果实产量和品质及水肥利用效率的影响。【方法】以新疆阿克苏地区温185核桃树为研究对象，以灌水量（75%ETc(W1)、100%ETc（W2）、125%ETc（W3））、施肥量（低肥（1 500 kg/hm2，F1）、中肥（2 250 kg/hm2，F2）、高肥（3 000 kg/hm2，F3））为试验因素，研究不同水肥梯度对核桃的生长生理、果实产量和品质及水肥利用效率的影响，用博弈论组合赋权的方法得到各个指标最终权重，运用TOPSIS-灰色关联度综合评价方法确定最优灌水施肥制度。【结果】①水肥耦合效应对地下滴灌核桃的各指标作用明显。在W2F2处理条件下，核桃树新梢生长量、SPAD值、单果质量及产量均达到最大值。②水肥配比对核桃的生长生理特性、水肥利用效率及果实产量和品质具有重要影响，需要根据实际情况合理调整水肥管理措施，以达到最佳的生长效果。③核桃生长综合模型计算得出W2F2处理的综合得分指数最大（0.141 6），其次是W2F3处理（0.131 2），W1F1处理最低（0.079 2）。④建立了水肥耦合效应对核桃综合生长的调控模型。通过Matlab解析二元二次拟合模型，得到核桃水肥的最优解对应的灌水量5 370.93 m3/hm2，施肥量2 403.09 kg/hm2。【结论】在南疆干旱地区，基于TOPSIS-灰色关联度的耦合评价模型，确定W2F2（中水中肥）处理，即灌水量控制在100% ETc，施中肥（2 250 kg/hm2）时综合得分最高，效果较好。 |
| 关键词: 核桃 地下滴灌 水肥耦合 博弈论组合赋权 核桃生长评价模型 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.10.007 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目（2022D01A181）；新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项（2023A02002-5） |
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| Comprehensive evaluation of water-fertilizer coupling effect in walnut under subsurface drip irrigation |
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CHANG Zikang1,2, ZHAO Jinghua1,2, WANG Fu3, HUA Jiandong4
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1.College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;2.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;3.Xinjiang Green Border Source Ecological Engineering Limited Liability Company,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China;4.Kelamayi Water Company,Kelamayi,Xinjiang 834000,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】With the problems of low water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of walnut and unclear efficient water and fertilizer system in the arid areas of South Xinjiang as the focus,this research aimed to improve the walnut quality and its planting efficiency by studying the effects of water and fertilizer coupling conditions on physiological growth indexes,fruit quality,and yield of walnut under subsurface drip-irrigation.【Method】With Wen 185 walnut trees in Aksu area of Xinjiang as research object,the irrigation amount (75% ETc (W1),100% ETc (W2),125% ETc (W3)),fertilizer application (low fertilizer (1 500 kg/hm2,F1),medium fertilizer (2 250 kg/hm2,F2),and high fertilizer (3 000 kg/hm2,F3)) were used as the experimental factors to study the effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on growth and physiology,yield and quality,as well as water and fertilizer use efficiency of walnut.The final weights of each index were obtained by the game theoretic combination assignment method,and the optimal irrigation and fertilization system was determined by the TOPSIS-gray correlation degree comprehensive evaluation method.【Result】① Obvious water-fertilizer coupling effect was observed on various indexes of subsurface drip-irrigated walnut.Under the condition of W2F2 treatment,the branch growth,SPAD value,single fruit quality and yield of walnut trees reached their maximum.② Water-fertilizer ratio significantly influenced the growth physiological characteristics,water and fertilizer utilization efficiency,yield and quality of walnut.It is necessary to reasonably adjust the water-fertilizer management measures in accordance with the actual situation,in order to achieve the best growth effect.③The result of integrated walnut growth model calculation showed that the W2F2 treatment had the highest integrated score index (0.141 6),followed by the W2F3 treatment (0.131 2),and the W1F1 treatment had the lowest score index(0.079 2).④The regulation model of the coupling effect of water and fertilizer on the integrated growth of walnut was established.By analyzing the binary quadratic fitting model through Matlab,the optimal solution of water and fertilizer application for walnut planting was obtained,corresponding to the irrigation volume of 5 370.93 m3/hm2 and the fertilizer application volume of 2 403.09 kg/hm2.【Conclusion】In the arid region of Southern Xinjiang,the TOPSIS-grey correlation degree coupling evaluation model determined that the W2F2 (medium water and medium fertilizer) treatment,which indicates the irrigation volume at 100% ETc and fertilizer volume of 2 250 kg/hm2,has the highest comprehensive score and good performance. |
| Key words: walnut subsurface drip irrigation water-fertilizer coupling game-theoretic combinatorial empowerment evaluation model for walnut growth |
