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| 施氮和刈割对紫花苜蓿品质的影响 |
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袁银颍, 吴嘉华, 宋家兴, 杨容尘, 刘婷, 金晶炜, 杨培志
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西北农林科技大学 草业与草原学院,陕西 杨凌 712100
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究施氮和刈割对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)生长、产量及品质的影响，旨在得到栽培紫花苜蓿适宜的施氮量和刈割频率，为紫花苜蓿优质高产提供理论依据。【方法】在陕西杨凌，以紫花苜蓿WL343HQ为材料，采用盆栽试验，设置施氮量（0，20，60，100，160，240 mmol/L ）和刈割频率（1，2，3，4茬）2个因素，进行完全组合设计，共计24个处理。测定不同处理紫花苜蓿的株高、茎粗、地上生物量以及粗蛋白（crude protein，CP）、粗纤维（crude fiber，CF）、粗脂肪（ether extract，EE）、粗灰分（crude ash，CA）、糖、钙、磷、中性洗涤纤维（neutral detergent fiber，NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（acid detergent fiber，ADF）含量，并计算粗蛋白产量以及相对饲喂价值（relative feeding value，RFV），最后分析施氮量和刈割频率与紫花苜蓿生长、产量及品质指标之间的相关性。【结果】在同一刈割频率（1~3茬）下，当施氮量为0~100 mmol/L时，紫花苜蓿株高、茎粗、地上生物量和CP产量随着施氮量的增加总体呈上升趋势，并在施氮量为100 mmol/L时达到最高；之后继续施用氮肥，以上指标均降低。当施氮量为100 mmol/L时，刈割2~3茬紫花苜蓿的株高、茎粗、地上生物量和CP产量均较高。在同一施氮量水平下，随着刈割频率的增加，紫花苜蓿的茎叶比呈先上升后下降的趋势，其中各施氮处理下刈割4茬紫花苜蓿的茎叶比均较低。当施氮量为0~240 mmol/L时，刈割1，3和4茬紫花苜蓿的EE、CA含量均较高；当施氮量为20~160 mmol/L时，刈割1~3茬紫花苜蓿的CF含量较高。在同一施氮量水平下，刈割2茬紫花苜蓿的糖含量较高，刈割1茬紫花苜蓿的钙含量较高，刈割4茬紫花苜蓿的磷含量较高。当施氮量为0~240 mmol/L时，刈割2和3茬紫花苜蓿的RFV随着施氮量的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势，刈割1和4茬紫花苜蓿的RFV随着施氮量的增加整体呈下降趋势。在同一施氮量水平下，刈割4茬紫花苜蓿的RFV较高。相关性分析结果显示，施氮量与株高、茎粗、茎叶比、地上生物量、CP产量和EE、CA含量呈显著或极显著正相关，与糖含量呈极显著负相关。刈割频率与CP产量和磷含量呈极显著正相关，与CF和ADF含量呈显著或极显著负相关。RFV与株高、茎粗、地上生物量、茎叶比、CP产量以及CF、EE、NDF和ADF含量呈显著或极显著负相关，与CP和磷含量呈极显著正相关。【结论】在陕西关中地区，施氮量和刈割频率及其二者交互作用总体上显著影响了紫花苜蓿的生长、产量和营养品质，当施氮量为60~100 mmol/L时，刈割2~3茬的紫花苜蓿生长、产量和营养品质均较佳。 |
| 关键词: 紫花苜蓿 施氮水平 刈割频率 牧草产量 营养品质 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.08.012 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家牧草产业技术体系-榆林综合试验站项目（CARS-34） |
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| Effects of nitrogen fertilizing and mowing on alfalfa quality |
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YUAN Yinying, WU Jiahua, SONG Jiaxing,, YANG Rongchen, LIU Ting, JIN Jingwei, YANG Peizhi
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College of Grassland Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This research aimed to obtain the appropriate nitrogen amount of fertilizing and frequency of mowing in cultivating alfalfa by studying the effects of nitrogen fertilizing and mowing on the growth,yield and quality of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.),to provide a theoretical basis for high yield of alfalfa.【Method】In Yangling,Shaanxi Province,alfalfa WL343HQ was grown in pots as experimental material.A complete combinatorial design was conducted based on two factors,namely,nitrogen fertilizing(0,20,60,100,160,240 mmol/L) and frequency of mowing(1,2,3,4 crops),with a total of 24 treatment.The plant height,stem thickness,aboveground biomass,crude protein(CP),crude fiber(CF),ether extract(EE),crude ash(CA),sugar,calcium,phosphorus,neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF) contents were determined for different treatments of alfalfa.The correlation between nitrogen fertilizing,mowing frequency,alfalfa growth,yield and quality indexes was analyzed.【Result】At the same mowing frequency(1-3 crops),alfalfa plant height,stem thickness,aboveground biomass and production of crude protein generally increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizing level between 0-100 mmol/L,and reached the highest when the nitrogen fertilizing level was 100 mmol/L.All of the above indexes reduced when the nitrogen fertilizing level continued to increase above 100 mmol/L.Plant height,stem thickness,aboveground biomass and production of crude protein of mowed 2-3 crops of alfalfa were high when the nitrogen fertilizing level was 100 mmol/L.At the same level of nitrogen fertilizing,the stem leaf ratio of alfalfa initially increased and then decreased with the increase of mowing frequency,in which the stem leaf ratio of mowed 4 crop alfalfa was low for each nitrogen fertilizing treatment.The EE and CA contents of mowed 1,3 and 4 crops of alfalfa were high when the nitrogen fertilizing level was 0-240 mmol/L,and the CF contents of mowed 1-3 crops of alfalfa were high when the nitrogen fertilizing level was 20-160 mmol/L.At the same level of nitrogen fertilizing,sugar content was high in mowed 2 crop alfalfa,calcium content was high in mowed 1 crop alfalfa,and phosphorus content was high in mowed 4 crop alfalfa.The RFV of mowed 2 and 3 crop alfalfa initially increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizing level between 0-240 mmol/L.The RFV of mowed 1 and 4 crop alfalfa increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizing level.At the same level of nitrogen fertilizing,the RFV of mowed 4 crop alfalfa was high.Nitrogen fertilizing was significantly or highly significantly positively correlated with plant height,stem thickness,stem leaf ratio,aboveground biomass,production of CP,content of EE and CA,highly significantly negatively correlated with sugar content.Mowing frequency showed highly significant positive correlations with production of CP and content of phosphorus,and significant or highly significant negative correlations with content of CF and ADF.RFV showed significant or highly significant negative correlations with plant height,stem thickness,aboveground biomass,stem leaf ratio,production of CP,CF,EE,NDF and ADF content,and highly significant positive correlations with content of CP and phosphorus.【Conclusion】In the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi,nitrogen fertilizing and mowing frequency and their interactions significantly affected alfalfa growth,yield and nutritional quality in general,and alfalfa from 2-3 mowed crops showed better growth,yield and nutritional quality when nitrogen fertilizing level was 60-100 mmol/L. |
| Key words: alfalfa nitrogen fertilizing level mowing frequency forage yield nutritional quality |
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