| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究叶面施钾对酿酒葡萄及葡萄酒中酚类物质的影响，优化钾肥施用方式，为提高钾肥利用率提供数据支撑。【方法】以酿酒葡萄品种‘赤霞珠’（Vitis vinifera L. cv Cabernet Sauvignon）为材料，选择土壤钾含量不同的葡萄园（高钾葡萄园（速效钾含量为122.67 mg/kg））和低钾葡萄园（速效钾含量为67.40 mg/kg）），以叶面未施肥处理为对照（CK），于果实膨大期（花后36 d）开始叶面喷施4.5，9，18 g/株硫酸钾（依次记为FK1、FK2和FK3），之后每隔两周进行下一阶段的施肥，共处理3个阶段。采集成熟期葡萄果实及叶柄,测定各部位钾素含量;测定成熟期葡萄果实及小容器酿造葡萄酒的可滴定酸含量、pH等基础理化指标和总酚、总花色苷、总类黄酮、总黄烷 3醇，单体酚及单体花色苷等的含量，并对葡萄果实钾素含量与其果实及葡萄酒中各酚类物质含量进行相关性分析，全面解析叶面施钾对葡萄果实及葡萄酒酚类物质含量的影响。【结果】在低钾葡萄园中，与对照处理相比，所有叶面施钾处理均有效提高了葡萄叶柄以及果实种子中的钾素含量；显著提高了葡萄果实中还原糖、可溶性固形物含量，以及果皮中总酚、单体花色苷、单体酚含量；降低了葡萄果实中的可滴定酸含量。在高钾葡萄园中，与对照处理相比，所有叶面施钾处理均提升了葡萄果实各部位钾素含量，pH值，总花色苷、总类黄酮以及单体花色苷含量；降低了果实中的单体酚含量；仅H-FK2处理提升了葡萄叶柄中的钾素含量；不同处理对葡萄果实糖酸影响不同，仅H-FK3处理提升还原糖含量，降低可滴定酸含量；H-FK1和H-FK2处理显著提高了采收期葡萄果皮中各总酚类物质含量。叶柄钾素含量与果实果皮中钾素含量呈负相关，而与种子中钾素含量呈正相关，不同地块表现相同。钾肥处理有效提升了葡萄酒的酒精度，低钾地块中L-FK1处理对葡萄酒中总酚类物质含量、以及L-FK3处理对单体花色苷及单体酚含量均有较好提升效果；高钾地块中H-FK3处理对葡萄酒中总酚类物质和单体酚含量提升效果最佳。葡萄籽钾素含量与葡萄果实及葡萄酒中多种酚类物质含量呈显著正相关，对酚类物质的影响最为显著。【结论】葡萄果实种子中钾素含量与葡萄果实及葡萄酒中酚类物质含量存在显著相关，在低钾地块叶面喷施4.5，18 g/株硫酸钾，以及高钾地块喷施18 g/株硫酸钾时，可以有效提升葡萄果实及葡萄酒中酚类物质的含量。 |
| 关键词: 葡萄栽培 叶面施肥 酚类物质 钾肥 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.05.013 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目（2022BBF02014）；陕西省重点研发计划项目（2024NC-YBXM-024）；国家葡萄产业技术体系项目（CARS-29-zp-6） |
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| Effect of foliar potassium application on the accumulation of phenolic substances in wine grapes and wine |
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HAN Qingxiao1, QIAO Haorong1, GU Weijie1, LIAO Zusong2, ZHANG Jifeng2, FAN Yuting1, CHEN Keqing1, FANG Yulin1, SUN Xiangyu1, ZHANG Kekun1
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1.College of Enology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;2.Ningxia Xige Estate Limited Company,Wuzhong,Ningxia 751100,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of foliar potassium application on the accumulation of phenolic substances in wine grapes and wine,optimize the methods of potassium fertilizer application,and to provide empirical data and theoretical support for improving potassium fertilizer utilization efficiency.【Method】The study utilized the wine grape variety ‘Vitis vinifera L.cv.Cabernet Sauvignon’ as the experimental material.Two types of vineyards were selected based on their soil potassium content:high potassium vineyards with an available potassium content of 122.67 mg/kg,and low potassium vineyards with an available potassium content of 67.40 mg/kg.A control group (CK) was also established,which consisted of vineyards with no foliar fertilization treatment.Starting from the fruit enlargement stage (36 days after flowering),foliar spraying of 4.5,9,and 18 g/plant of potassium sulfate (referred to as FK1,FK2,and FK3) was applied,followed by the next stage of fertilization every two weeks,with three stages of processing.The study collected mature fruits and petioles to determine potassium content in various parts,and determine basic physicochemical indicators such as titratable acid and pH for mature grapes and wine produced in small containers.The content of total phenols,total anthocyanins,total flavonoids,total flavanols,monomeric phenols,and monomeric anthocyanins was measured.Subsequently,correlation analysis was conducted between potassium content in fruits and the content of various phenolic substances in fruits and wine to comprehensively analyze the impact of foliar potassium application on the phenolic content of grapes and wine.【Result】In low potassium vineyards,all treatment groups effectively increased the potassium content in grape petioles and fruit seeds,significantly increased the content of reducing sugars and soluble solids in grapes,and reduced the content of titratable acids.At the same time,all treatment groups significantly increased the total phenolic content,total monomer anthocyanin content,and total monomer phenolic content in the fruit peel.In high potassium vineyards,all fertilization treatments increased the potassium content in various parts of the fruit,as well as the pH value,total anthocyanins,total flavonoids,and total content of monomeric anthocyanins in the grapes.However,the content of monomeric phenols in the fruit decreased.Only the H-FK2 treatment group increased the potassium content in the petiole,and different treatments had different effects on fruit sugar and acid content of the fruit.Only the H-FK3 treatment group increased the reducing sugar content and reduced the titratable acid content. The H-FK1 and H-FK2 treatment groups significantly increased the content of total phenolic substances in the fruit peel during the harvest period.The potassium content in the petiole was negatively correlated with the potassium content in the fruit peel,but positively correlated with the potassium content in the fruit seeds,with the same performance in different plots.Potassium fertilizer treatment effectively improved the alcohol content of wine.In low potassium plots,the L-FK1 treatment group had a better effect on improving the total phenolic content in wine,while the L-FK3 treatment group had a better effect on improving the content of monomeric anthocyanins and phenols.The H-FK3 treatment group in high potassium plots had the best effect on improving the total phenolic content and monomer phenolic content of wine.The potassium content in grape fruit seeds showed a significantly positive correlation with various phenolic substances in grapes fruits and wine,with the most significant impact on phenolic substances.【Conclusion】There was a significant correlation between potassium content in fruit seeds and phenolic substances in grapes and wine.Spraying 4.5 and 18 g/plant on low potassium plots and 18 g/plant on high potassium plots can effectively increase the content of various phenolic substances in fruits and wine. |
| Key words: grape cultivation foliar fertilization phenolic substances potash fertilizer |
