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| 绿肥配施菌肥对植烟土壤理化特性和细菌群落的影响 |
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王海洋1, 李红霞1,2, 李慧兰2, 夏昊2, 孔俭根2, 廖小鹏2, 王建勇2, 凡中良2, 胡蓉花3, 姬小明1
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1.河南农业大学 烟草学院，河南 郑州 450046;2.吉安市烟草公司峡江县分公司，江西 峡江 331400;3.江西省烟草公司吉安市公司，江西 吉安 343000
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究在化肥减量的基础上，绿肥翻压、菌肥以及两者配施后对植烟土壤理化特性及细菌群落变化的影响。【方法】以云烟87为材料，设置常规施肥（CK）、哈茨木霉菌肥（H）、胶质芽孢杆菌（J）、常规施肥减量20%+绿肥翻压（L）、常规施肥减量20%+绿肥翻压+哈茨木霉菌肥（LH）、常规施肥减量20%+绿肥翻压+胶质芽孢杆菌（LJ）6个处理，于烟株移栽后75 d收集根际土壤，利用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析法,研究植烟土壤细菌群落结构及多样性，利用相关性Heatmap分析土壤理化特性与细菌群落的相关性。【结果】在化肥减量20%的基础上，绿肥翻压和胶质芽孢杆菌配施处理植烟土壤含水率、孔隙度和pH分别较对照显著提高17.50%，12.23%和5.00%，土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、总碳和总氮含量分别较对照显著提高9.21%，18.20%，17.91%，83.52%，15.70%和21.07%，而土壤体积质量和固相比显著降低。绿肥翻压处理显著提高了植烟土壤细菌群落丰富度，配施胶质芽孢杆菌处理提高了植烟土壤细菌群落多样性。各试验组植烟土壤放线菌门和厚壁菌门相对丰度较对照均有提高，以配施哈茨木霉菌肥提升效果最为明显，较对照分别提高55.17%和51.16%；髌骨菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、脱硫杆菌门、WPS-2、螺旋体菌门、Dadabacteria、FCPU426、GAL15优势菌门在各处理间存在显著差异。冗余分析显示，植烟土壤的含水率、体积质量、pH、有机质、速效磷、速效钾、总碳和总氮含量是影响细菌群落变化的主要环境因子。相关分析表明，放线菌门和粘球菌门与土壤有机质含量均呈极显著正相关；Methylomirabilota与有机质含量呈显著正相关；而土壤有机质、速效磷和总氮含量均与酸杆菌门和绿弯菌门呈显著负相关。在化肥减量20%的基础上，绿肥配施胶质芽孢杆菌显著提高了烤烟产量、产值、上等烟比例、中上等烟比例和均价，分别较对照提高5.47%，11.70%，12.73%，5.78%和5.93%。【结论】在化肥减量20%的基础上，绿肥翻压和胶质芽孢杆菌配施有利于改善土壤理化特性和微生物群落结构，为烟株生长发育提供良好的土壤环境，进而提高烤烟产量和产值。 |
| 关键词: 烤烟 减量施肥 绿肥翻压 菌肥 植烟土壤 细菌群落 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.01.005 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:江西省烟草公司吉安市公司项目（吉烟科［2019］4号）；国家自然科学基金项目（32300342） |
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| Effects of green manure combined with bacterial manure on physical and chemical properties of tobacco-growing soil,bacterial community |
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WANG Haiyang1, LI Hongxia1,2, LI Huilan2, XIA Hao2, KONG Jiangen2, LIAO Xiaopeng2, WANG Jianyong2, FAN Zhongliang2, HU Ronghua3, JI Xiaoming1
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1.College of Tobacco,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450046,China;2.Xiajiang County Branch of Ji’an Tobacco Company,Xiajiang,Jiangxi 331400,China;3.Jiangxi Tobacco Company Ji’an Branch,Ji’an,Jiangxi 343000,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study investigated the effects of green manure tilling,bacterial fertilizer and their combined application on the physicochemical properties and bacterial community changes of tobacco-planting soil on the basis of chemical fertilizer reduction.【Method】Yunyan 87 was used as the test material,and six treatments were set up,namely,conventional fertilization (CK),Trichoderma harzianum (H),Bacillus mucilaginosus (J),20% reduction of conventional fertilization+green manure tipping (L),20% reduction of conventional fertilization+green manure tipping+T. harzianum (LH),and 20% reduction of conventional fertilization+green manure tipping+B. mucilaginosus (LJ).The rhizosphere soil was collected at the 75th day after transplanting,and Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis were used to study the structure and diversity of bacterial communities in tobacco-planting soils, with correlation Heatmap to analyze the correlation between soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities.【Result】Based on a 20% reduction of chemical fertilizer,the soil moisture content,porosity and pH of green manure and B. mucilaginosus treatment were significantly increased by 17.50%,12.23% and 5.00% respectively,and the contents of soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,total carbon and total nitrogen were significantly increased by 9.21%,18.20%,17.91%,83.52%,15.70%,and 21.07% respectively.The green manure tilling treatment significantly increased the abundance of bacterial communities,and its combination with B. mucilaginosus increased the diversity of bacterial communities.The relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes in each experimental group was higher than the control,with the most significant increase observed in green manure fertilizer with T. harzianum treatment,which increased by 55.17% and 51.16%,respectively,compared with the control.Patescibacteria,Nitrospirota,Desulfobacterot,WPS-2,Spirochaetota,Dadabacteria,FCPU426,and GAL15 dominant phyla were significantly different among treatments.Redundancy analysis showed that soil water content,bulk weight,pH,organic matter,quick-acting phosphorus,quick-acting potassium,total carbon and total nitrogen were the main environmental factors affecting the changes in bacterial communities.Correlation analysis showed that both Actinobacteriota and Myxococcota had highly-significant positive correlation with organic matter, and that Methylomirabilota phylum showed significant positive correlation with organic matter,lower than Actinobacteriota and Myxococcota.And Acidobacteriota and Chloroflexi showed significant negative correlation with organic matter,quick-acting phosphorus and total nitrogen.Based on a 20% reduction of chemical fertilizer,green manure combined with B. mucilaginosus significantly increased the roasted tobacco yield,production value,proportion of top-grade tobacco,proportion of middle-grade tobacco,and average price by 5.47%,11.70%,12.73%,5.78%,and 5.93% respectively,compared with the control.【Conclusion】Based on a 20% reduction of chemical fertilizer,the combined application of green manure tilling and B. mucilaginosus are conducive to the improvement of soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure,providing a good soil environment for the growth and development of tobacco plants,and thus improving crop yield. |
| Key words: tobacco reduced fertilization green manure tilling bacterial fertilizer tobacco-planting soil bacterial community |
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