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玛柯河青海段枯水期与丰水期河流沉积物中细菌群落多样性分析
李一心, 丁嘉苇, 颜鲁杨, 尹卫, 高子韩, 宋倩, 王乐, 梁健
青海大学 省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016
摘要:
【目的】研究玛柯河河流沉积物中细菌多样性、群落结构,以及环境因子对细菌群落分布的影响,了解玛柯河水体环境变化演替的趋势,为保护和治理玛柯河水体环境、保护珍稀鱼类物种提供了理论依据。【方法】于丰水期和枯水期,分别在玛柯河青海段设置8个采样点,采集河床底部向下1~2 cm处的沉积物,利用高通量测序分析技术对8个典型区域的河流沉积物细菌多样性进行分析,包括宏基因组测序及18S rDNA扩增子测序,利用生物信息学手段进行分析。【结果】在丰水期,玛柯河青海段河流沉积物中细菌物种数目低于枯水期,但物种多样性显著高于枯水期。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是丰水期和枯水期的主要优势门;δ -变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria)、γ -变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)和 α -变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)是丰水期和枯水期主要优势纲。8个采样点间细菌群落组成差异大于组内差异,且不同分组之间差异极显著。枯水期和丰水期的8个采样点中分别有83个类群和73个类群表现出显著差异,组间差异贡献较大的均是α 变形菌纲和γ -变形菌纲。沉积物Ni含量、水体NH+4是影响丰水期和枯水期河流沉积物细菌群落分布的重要环境因子,Cu、TN、TP是影响细菌群落多样性及丰富度的主要环境因子。【结论】枯水期与丰水期各采样点基于门水平的第一优势菌门均为变形菌门,丰水期细菌物种数目低于枯水期,但物种多样性显著高于枯水期,TN和TP是影响细菌群落多样性及丰富度的重要因素。
关键词:  玛柯河  河流沉积物  细菌多样性  宏基因组  环境因子
DOI:DOI:10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2024.12.009
分类号:
基金项目:青海省中央引导地方科技发展资金计划项目“川陕哲罗鲑基因组解析及玛柯河青海段资源分布研究”(2022ZY001)
Bacterial community diversity in river sediments of Qinghai section of the Makehe River in dry and wet seasons
LI Yixin, DING Jiawei, YAN Luyang, YIN Wei, GAO Zihan, SONG Qian, WANG Le, LIANG Jian
State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China
Abstract:
【Objective】The present study investigated bacterial diversity,community structure and impacts of environmental factors on the distribution of bacterial communities in sediments of the Makehe River and understood the succession trends to provide basis for the protection and management of river environment and the conservation of rare fish species.【Method】During flooding and dry seasons,sediment soils 1 to 2 cm down from river bed bottom were collected at eight sampling sites of Qinghai section of the Makehe River.High-throughput sequencing,including metagenomic sequencing and 18S rDNA amplicon sequencing,were used to analyze the bacterial diversity of sediments.【Result】During flooding season,the number of bacterial species in sediments was lower than that in dry season,but the species diversity was significantly higher.Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in both flooding and dry seasons,and Betaproteobacteria,Gammaproteobacteria,Alphaproteobacteria were the dominant classes.The differences in bacterial community composition among the eight sampling points were greater than the differences within each group,and the differences between different groups were extremely significant.In the eight sampling points,83 and 73 taxa showed significant variations,respectively.The α-proteobacteria and γ-proteobacteria contributed the most to inter-group differences.Ni content in sediments and NH+4 concentration in river water were important environmental factors affecting distribution of sediment bacterial communities in both seasons,while Cu,TN,and TP were main environmental factors affecting bacterial community diversity and abundance.【Conclusion】In both flooding and dry seasons,the dominant phylum at the genus level was Proteobacteria at all sampling points.The number of bacterial species in flooding season was lower compared to dry season,but the species diversity was significantly higher.TN and TP were important factors influencing bacterial community diversity and richness.
Key words:  Makehe River  river sediment  bacterial diversity  metagenome sequencing  environmental factor