| 摘要: |
| 【目的】比较不同方法提取的缬草精油化学成分及其相对含量和抗氧化活性的差异，为缬草精油的质量控制及深度开发利用提供参考。【方法】以缬草根为原材料，分别采用水蒸气蒸馏法、超临界CO2萃取法和亚临界丁烷萃取法提取缬草精油，再利用气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MS）对提取的3种缬草精油分别进行化学成分分析，并结合清除DPPH、OH和ABTS自由基的能力评价3种缬草精油的抗氧化活性。【结果】3种方法提取的缬草精油化学成分及其相对含量差异明显，提取的3种缬草精油共鉴定出87种化合物，主要为烯类、醇类、酯类和醛类化合物。水蒸气蒸馏法提取的缬草精油（SD）鉴定出52种化合物，其中烯类化合物31种，相对含量为46.34%；醇类化合物10种，相对含量为12.23%；酯类化合物4种，相对含量为30.55%。超临界CO2萃取法提取的缬草精油（SFE）鉴定出79种化合物，其中烯类化合物29种，相对含量为30.81%；醇类化合物17种，相对含量为13.38%；酯类化合物13种，相对含量为35.59%；醛类化合物11种，相对含量为7.88%。亚临界丁烷萃取法提取的缬草精油（SBE）鉴定出57种化合物，其中烯类化合物27种，相对含量为27.90%；醇类化合物9种，相对含量为16.20%；酯类化合物9种，相对含量为38.06%。3种缬草精油均含有乙酸龙脑酯、龙脑、氧化喇叭烯(Ⅰ)、百秋李醇、蓝桉醇、缬草醛、塞舌尔烯等42个共同成分，且均以乙酸龙脑酯为主要成分。3种缬草精油均具有清除DPPH、OH和ABTS自由基的能力，显示出较强的抗氧化活性。质量浓度为0.50 mg/mL时，水蒸气蒸馏法提取的缬草精油（SD）对DPPH、OH和ABTS自由基的清除率分别为 56.62%，55.33%和 56.21%；超临界CO2萃取法提取的缬草精油（SFE）对DPPH、OH和ABTS自由基的清除率分别为 82.81%，75.64%和 82.56%；亚临界丁烷萃取法提取的缬草精油（SBE）对DPPH、OH和ABTS自由基的清除率分别为 70.13%，68.15%和 78.64%。3种缬草精油抗氧化活性综合指数依次表现为SFE＞SBE＞SD。【结论】不同方法提取的缬草精油化学成分及其相对含量存在一定差异，其中超临界CO2萃取法提取的缬草精油化合物种类最多，抗氧化活性最强，是提取缬草精油的优选方法。 |
| 关键词: 缬草 植物精油 精油提取 抗氧化活性 |
| DOI：DOI:10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2024.11.009 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:科技部公益性行业（林业）科研专项（201404608） |
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| Effects of extraction methods on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Valeriana officinalis essential oil |
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TAN Yun1,2, LI Jilie2, WU Hong3, SHEN Airong1
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1.Hunan Engineering Research Center for Cultivation and Utilization of Distinctive Bio-resources Under Forest,Hunan Academy of Forestry,Changsha,Hunan 410004,China;2.College of Life Sciences and Technology,Central South University of Forestry & Technology,Changsha,Hunan 410004,China;3.State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource,Changsha,Hunan 410004,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The chemical composition,relative content and antioxidant activity of Valerian officinalis essential oils extracted by different methods were compared to provide references for quality control and in depth utilization of Valerian officinalis essential oil.【Method】Valerian officinalis essential oils was extracted from roots by steam distillation,supercritical CO2 extraction and subcritical butane extraction methods.The chemical composition of Valerian officinalis essential oils was analyzed by GC-MS,and the antioxidant activity was evaluated based on their ability of scavenging DPPH,OH and ABTS free radicals.【Result】The chemical composition and relative content of Valerian officinalis essential oils extracted by three methods varied significantly.A total of 87 compounds, mainly alkenes,alcohols,esters and aldehydes,were identified in Valerian officinalis essential oils.The Valerian officinalis essential oil extracted by steam distillation (SD) had 52 identified compounds,including 31 alkene compounds （relative content 46.34%),10 alcohol compounds (relative content 12.23%) and 4 ester compounds (relative content 30.55%).The Valerian officinalis essential oil extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE) had 79 identified compounds,including 29 alkene compounds (relative content 30.81%),17 alcohol compounds (relative content 13.38%),13 ester compounds (relative content 35.59%) and 11 aldehyde compounds (relative content 7.88%).The Valerian officinalis essential oil extracted by subcritical butane extraction (SBE) had 57 identified compounds,including 27 alkene compounds (relative content 27.90%),9 alcohol compounds (relative content 16.20%) and 9 ester compounds (relative content 38.06%).There were 42 common compounds among the oils extracted by three different methods including bornyl acetate,borneol,ledene oxide (Ⅰ),patchouli alcohol,globulol,baldrinal and seychellene.Bornyl acetate was the main component in all Valerian officinalis essential oils.All Valerian officinalis essential oils showed strong antioxidant properties by scavenging DPPH,OH and ABTS free radicals.At the concentration of 0.50 mg/mL,the scavenging rates of DPPH,OH and ABTS free radicals of SD essential oil were 56.62%,55.33% and 56.21%,those of SFE essential oil were 82.81%,75.64% and 82.56%,and those of SBE essential oil were 70.13%,68.15% and 78.64%,respectively.The comprehensive antioxidant activity (APC) indexes of Valerian officinalis essential oils were in the order of SFE>SBE>SD.【Conclusion】There were certain differences in chemical composition and relative content of Valerian officinalis essential oils extracted by different methods.Valerian officinalis essential oil extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction method had the highest number of compounds and the strongest antioxidant activity,which was preferred for extracting Valerian officinalis essential oil. |
| Key words: Valeriana officinalis L. plant essential oil extraction of essential oil antioxidant activity |
