| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同优良鲜食枣品种引种至新疆南疆地区后的生长状况和果实性状，筛选适宜当地生产的鲜食枣优良品种。【方法】选择国内17个优良鲜食枣品种的1年生枝条为接穗，以5年生灰枣为砧木，在新疆阿克苏地区进行高接引种试验，通过比较不同品种的物候期、树体生长势（嫁接成活率、树体生长量、成枝力）、结果情况（吊果率、裂果率、单果质量、果实整齐度、可食率）、果实品质（外观色泽、果肉口感风味及主要营养成分含量）等指标，初筛出9个果肉口感风味和营养成分含量表现较好的品种，并进一步依据可溶性固形物、VC、可滴定酸、可溶性糖含量及单果质量、可食率、果形指数、果实整齐度共8个指标，采用灰色关联度法对9个鲜食枣品种进行综合评分。【结果】引种至南疆地区后，各品种物候期差异较大，有极早熟品种2个、早熟品种5个、中熟品种9个、中晚熟品种1个。各品种嫁接成活率均高于65%，其中金谷大枣、伏脆蜜、冷白玉和雨娇树体生长量较大、成枝力较强、长势较旺。嫁接第2年和第3年，各品种吊果率相对稳定一致，其中早脆蜜和鲁枣5号吊果率较高；裂果率以京枣28和京枣60偏高，分别达到20.57%和23.83%；各品种单果质量差异很大，为4.22～26.18 g，大多品种单果质量嫁接第3年较第2年高；果实整齐度为46.63%～79.41%，可食率为91.67%～98.76%。品种间果实外观差异较大，以卵圆形、长圆形、倒卵圆形为主，果个大小差别较大，呈浅红或红色。嫁接第2年（2021年），金丝4号的可溶性固形物含量最高，为38.33%；早脆蜜、伏脆蜜和金丝4号的可溶性糖含量较高，均在29%以上；京枣18和雨露的可滴定酸含量最高，均在1.41%以上；雨娇、鲁枣5号、金谷大枣VC含量较高，均达到400 mg/hg以上。根据果肉口感风味，初筛出早脆蜜、早秋红、伏脆蜜、迎白露、月光、京枣28、京枣60、鲁枣5号和雨露共9个果肉酥脆、细腻、多汁的品种。通过灰色关联度综合评分，最终筛选出京枣60、京枣28、月光3个果实综合品质表现较好的品种。【结论】京枣60、京枣28、月光能够较好地适应南疆地区的气候和立地条件，并且具有较好的丰产能力和优良的果实品质，可以作为南疆地区主要鲜食枣品种进行推广栽培。 |
| 关键词: 鲜食枣 引种效果 树体长势 果实品质 新疆 |
| DOI：DOI:10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2024.11.007 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:兵团科技创新人才计划项目（2023CB009-04）；国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFD1001605） |
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| Evaluation on introduction effect of 17 fresh jujube varieties in southern Xinjiang |
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ZHANG Qiang1, MA Quanhui1, PENG Xiaolong1, YAN Fenfen1, LIU Ping2, LIU Mengjun2
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1.College of Horticulture and Forestry,Tarim University/The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in South Xinjiang,Aral,Xinjiang 843300,China;2.Research Center of Chinese Jujube,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071001,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the growth conditions and fruit traits of different jujube varieties introduced to southern Xinjiang and selected the best varieties suitable for local jujube production.【Method】One-year-old branches of 17 excellent fresh jujube varieties in China were selected as scions,and 5-year-old gray jujube was selected as rootstock for introduction tests in Aksu,Xinjiang.By comparing the phenological period,tree growth potential (grafting survival rate,tree growth amount and dendritic force),fruit results (fruit lifting rate,fruit cracking rate,fruit mass,fruit uniformity and edible rate) and fruit quality (appearance color,flesh taste and flavor and main nutrient contents),9 varieties with good taste,flavor and nutrient contents were initially screened.According to contents of soluble solid,VC,titrable acid and soluble sugar,single fruit mass,edible rate,fruit shape index and fruit uniformity,these varieties were scored by grey correlation method.【Result】After the introduction to southern Xinjiang,the phenological periods were quite different among varieties,which included 2 very early maturing varieties,5 early maturing varieties,9 medium maturing varieties and 1 medium late maturing variety.The graft survival rates of all varieties were higher than 65%.Jinggudazao,Fucuimi,Lengbaiyu and Yujiao trees had large growth amounts,strong branching force and prosperous growth.In the second and third years of grafting,fruit lifting rates of all varieties were relatively stable and consistent,and Zaocuimi and Luzao 5 had higher rate.Fruit cracking rates of Jingzao 28 and Jingzao 60 were 20.57% and 23.83%,respectively.Single fruit mass was very different among verities,ranging from 4.22 to 26.18 g,and the single fruit masses of most varieties were higher in the third year than in the second year.The fruit uniformity was 46.63% to 79.41%,and the edible rates were 91.67% to 98.76%.The fruit appearance was different among varieties,mainly in oval,oblong and inverted oval shapes.The fruit size was also greatly different with light red or red color.In the second year (2021),Jinsi 4 had the highest content of soluble solids of 38.33%.The soluble sugar contents of Zaocuimi,Fucuimi and Jinsi 4 were higher than 29%.The titrable acid contents of Jingzao 18 and Yulu were above 1.41%.The VC contents of Yujiao,Luzao 5 and Jinggudazao were higher than 400 mg/hg.According to the taste and flavor,9 varieties with crisp,delicate and juicy flesh were initially screened,including Zaocuimi,Zaoqiuhong,Fucuimi,Yingbailu,Yueguang,Jingzao 28,Jingzao 60,Luzao 5 and Yulu.Three varieties of Jingzao 60,Jingzao 28 and Yueguang with good comprehensive fruit quality were selected by the comprehensive score of grey correlation degree.【Conclusion】Jingzao 60,Jingzao 28 and Yueguang can be promoted and cultivated as the main fresh jujube varieties in southern Xinjiang as they well adapted to the climate and site conditions and showed good yield and fruit quality. |
| Key words: fresh jujube introduction effect tree growth fruit quality Xinjiang |
