| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究5种香青兰种质在非盐碱地、轻度盐碱地和中度盐碱地中的产量和品质表现，为盐碱化地区香青兰的种植与应用提供参考。【方法】以白花香青兰、新疆香青兰、蒙青兰1号、山东香青兰、甘肃香青兰为试材，在呼和浩特市设非盐碱地（pH 7.3）、轻度盐碱地（pH 8.9）和中度盐碱地（pH 9.4）3种环境，测定和比较不同环境中5种香青兰的叶片抗逆性生理指标（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性及丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量）、叶片光合特性（净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度、叶片水分利用率）、农艺性状（出苗率、株高、茎粗、一级分枝数）、产量和药效成分（总黄酮、挥发油）含量。【结果】（1）各种质香青兰叶片的抗逆性生理指标、胞间CO2浓度、总黄酮含量和挥发油含量均随土壤pH值的升高而增大，并在土壤pH 9.4条件下达到最大。（2）各种质香青兰的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用率、出苗率、株高、茎粗和产量均随土壤pH值的升高而降低，在土壤pH 7.3条件下达到最大，而土壤pH值对各种质香青兰的一级分枝数无显著影响。（3）同一试验点中，各种质香青兰叶片的抗逆性生理指标、光合指标、农艺性状指标、产量和药效成分含量均有较大差异。白花香青兰、新疆香青兰和蒙青兰1号植株的光合特性、生理特性和地上部生长表现较好，产量和药效成分含量较高，尤以蒙青兰1号表现最好，其产量、总黄酮含量和挥发油含量在3种盐碱地的平均值分别为4 442.86 kg/hm2，22.87 mg/g和0.52%。山东香青兰和甘肃香青兰植株的地上部生长较差，药效成分含量也较低，其中以山东香青兰药效成分含量最低，总黄酮含量和挥发油含量的平均值分别为13.76 mg/g，0.33%；甘肃香青兰为稳定低产种质，其产量平均值为3 903.34 kg/hm2。【结论】非盐碱地有利于香青兰植株生长和产量增加，中度盐碱地有利于药效成分含量提高。5种香青兰种质中，蒙青兰1号的各项指标表现最好。 |
| 关键词: 香青兰栽培 盐碱地 药效成分 药材栽培 |
| DOI：DOI:10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2024.10.014 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(82060688)；财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-21) |
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| Yield and quality performance of 5 kinds of Dracocephalum moldavica L. germplasm under different saline-alkali soils |
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WANG Haoze1, LEI Xuefeng1, LU Pengfei2, QI Jianxun1, WANG Yan1, ZHANG Xiongjie3, SHENG Jinhua1
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1.Agricultural College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010019,China;2.Shenzhen Booker Biotechnology Ltd,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518116,China;3.Inner Mongolia Horizon Oasis Research Center of Characteristic Biologic Resource,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010018,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study explored the yield and quality performance of 5 kinds of Dracocephalum moldavica L. germplasm in non-saline-alkali land,mild saline-alkali land and moderate saline-alkali land to provide reference for planting,cultivation and application of Dracocephalum moldavica L. in saline-alkali area.【Method】Three environment cases in Hohhot city were set up in non-saline land (pH 7.3),mildly saline land (pH 8.9) and moderately saline land (pH 9.4) for planting white Dracocephalum moldavica L.,Xinjiang Dracocephalum moldavica L.,Dracocephalum moldavica No. 1,Shandong Dracocephalum moldavica L. and Gansu Dracocephalum moldavica L.Physiological indexes of leaf stress resistance (superoxide dismutase activity,peroxidase activity,catalase activity,malondialdehyde content,proline content and soluble protein content),photosynthetic characteristics (intercellular CO2 concentration,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and leaf water utilization rate),agronomic traits (seedling emergence rate,plant height,stem diameter and first order branching number),yield and contents of pharmacodynamic components (total flavonoids content and volatile oil content) were measured and compared.【Result】(1) The physiological indexes of stress resistance,intercellular CO2 concentration, total flavonoid content and volatile oil content of leaves of all Dracocephalum moldavica L. increased with the increase of soil pH value,and reached the maximum under soil pH of 9.4.(2) The net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductivity,transpiration rate,water utilization rate,seedling emergence rate, plant height,stem diameter and yield of all Dracocephalum moldavica L. decreased with the increase of soil pH value,and reached the maximum under at soil pH of 7.3. Soil pH value had no significant effect on the number of first order branching number of Dracocephalum moldavica L.(3) At same test sites,the physiological indexes of stress resistance,photosynthetic indexes,morphological indexes,yield and pharmacodynamic components of leaves of all Dracocephalum moldavica L. had significant differences.The photosynthetic characteristics,physiological characteristics and aboveground growth of white Dracocephalum moldavica L.,Xinjiang Dracocephalum moldavica L. and Dracocephalum moldavica No. 1 were better and their yield and pharmacodynamic component contents were higher. Dracocephalum moldavica No. 1 had the best performance with average yield,total flavonoid content and volatile oil content in the three saline-alkali fields of 4 442.86 kg/hm2,22.87 mg/g and 0.52%,respectively.The aboveground growth of Shandong Dracocephalum moldavica L. and Gansu Dracocephalum moldavica L. was poor and their contents of pharmacodynamic components were also low.Among them,Shandong Dracocephalum moldavica L. had the lowest content of medicinal ingredients.The average contents of total flavonoids and volatile oil were 13.76 mg/g and 0.33%,respectively.The average yield of Gansu Dracocephalum moldavica L. was 3 903.34 kg/hm2.【Conclusion】Non-saline-alkali land was conducive to the increase of plant growth and yield,while moderate saline-alkali land was conducive to the increase of pharmacodynamic components.Among the 5 germplasm,Dracocephalum moldavica No. 1 had the best performance in all indexes. |
| Key words: Dracocephalum moldavica L.cultivation saline-alkali land pharmacodynamic components cultivation of medicinal herbs |
