| 摘要: |
| 【目的】提高宁夏地区春玉米的灌溉效率，优化农业资源配置。【方法】依据宁夏地区11个站点1960-2019年的气象资料，确定宁夏地区年际及春玉米生育期不同水文年型的有效降雨量；然后，利用ET0 Calculator软件计算参考作物腾发量，并结合作物系数法计算作物需水量，求得宁夏地区年际及不同水文年型下春玉米各生育期的作物需水量、灌溉需水量、耦合度和水分盈亏指数。【结果】1960-2019年间，宁夏地区年有效降雨量波动较大(158.5~424.2 mm)，北部引黄灌区、中部干旱带和南部山区春玉米生育期有效降雨量分别为123.9，205.4和334.4 mm。宁夏全区春玉米生育期需水量为482.0~690.7 mm，其中南部山区和中部干旱带春玉米需水量有降低趋势，而北部引黄灌区有增大趋势。北部引黄灌区、中部干旱带和南部山区春玉米灌溉需水量分别为566.8，413.0和147.6 mm；在枯水年、平水年和丰水年宁夏全区春玉米灌溉需水量分别为448.5，378.9和317.0 mm。南部山区降雨对作物需水量的满足程度最高，耦合度为0.70，是北部引黄灌区的3.89倍。【结论】宁夏南部山区应以集雨技术为基础发展雨养玉米种植；北部引黄灌区和中部干旱带需要大力发展节水灌溉，其中在北部引黄灌区春玉米大喇叭口期、抽雄期和乳熟期需要分别补灌87.2，79.6和275.6 mm，在中部干旱带需要分别补灌65.7，62.4和212.8 mm。 |
| 关键词: 春玉米 作物需水量 灌溉需水量 宁夏地区 |
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| 基金项目:山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302124666)；黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心项目(SBGJXTZX-39) |
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| Characteristics of irrigation requirement of spring maize in Ningxia |
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ZHANG Yan,LIAO Yuncheng,QIANG Shengcai,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study aimed to improve the irrigation efficiency of spring maize in Ningxia and optimize the allocation of agricultural resources.【Method】According to the meteorological data at 11 stations in Ningxia from 1960 to 2019,the effective precipitation of different hydrological years in annual and spring maize growth period in Ningxia was determined.Then,the ET0 Calculator software was used to calculate the reference crop evapotranspiration,and the crop water requirement was calculated by combining the crop coefficient method.The crop water requirement,irrigation requirement,coupling degree and water profit and loss index of spring maize in different hydrological years in Ningxia were obtained.【Result】From 1960 to 2019,annual effective precipitation in Ningxia fluctuated greatly (158.5-424.2 mm),and the precipitation amounts during spring maize growth period in the northern Yellow River irrigation district,the central arid zone and the south mountainous area were 123.9,205.4 and 334.4 mm,respectively.The water requirement of spring maize during growth period in Ningxia was 482.0-690.7 mm,which decreased in the south mountainous area and the central arid zone,while increased in the northern Yellow River irrigation area.The irrigation requirements of spring maize were 566.8,413.0 and 147.6 mm in the northern Yellow River irrigation area,the central arid zone and the south mountainous area,respectively.The irrigation requirements of spring maize in dry,normal and wet years were 448.5,378.9 and 317.0 mm,respectively.The precipitation in the south mountainous area satisfied the crop water requirement the most with coupling degree of 0.70,which was 3.89 times of that in the northern irrigation area.【Conclusion】 The southern mountainous area of Ningxia should develop rain-fed maize planting based on rainwater harvesting technology,while it is necessary to develop water-saving irrigation in the northern Yellow River irrigation area and the central arid zone.In the northern Yellow River irrigation area,supplementary irrigation of 87.2,79.6 and 275.6 mm is required at the large bell stage,tasseling stage and milk ripening stage of spring maize,respectively.In the central arid zone, supplementary irrigation of 65.7,62.4 and 212.8 mm is required,respectively. |
| Key words: spring maize crop water requirement irrigation requirement Ningxia region |
