| 摘要: |
| 【目的】比较嫁接方法和套袋处理对山苍子嫁接幼苗生长、光合特性和叶绿素荧光特征的影响，筛选出最适宜的山苍子嫁接方法。【方法】以1年生山苍子实生苗为砧木、3年生山苍子穗条为接穗，分别采用嵌芽接、劈接和切接3种方法嫁接，每种嫁接方法设置套袋和不套袋2个处理，测定不同组合处理嫁接苗的成活率、生长性状指标、叶片光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数，对各指标进行多重比较，并利用模糊隶属函数法对各组合处理的嫁接苗情况进行综合评价。【结果】3种嫁接方法中，不套袋嵌芽接的嫁接成活率最高（93.75%），劈接苗和切接苗经套袋处理的成活率分别较不套袋处理提高9.03%和26.01%；整体以套袋处理成活率稍高。不同山苍子嫁接苗新枝长、新枝基径和叶片数在嫁接后120～150 d达到峰值，其中新枝长以套袋切接苗最大，新枝基径以套袋嵌芽接苗最大，叶片数以不套袋切接苗最大，分别为26.06 cm，5.69 mm和35.55片。与不套袋处理相比，套袋处理嵌芽接和劈接苗叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）均有所降低，切接苗叶片的Pn、Tr、Gs和水分利用率（WUE）均有所提高；叶片胞间CO2浓度（Ci）以套袋劈接苗最高，为272.11 μmol/mol。与不套袋处理相比，套袋处理嵌芽接苗叶片的实际光化学效率（YⅡ）和光化学荧光淬灭系数（qP）以及切接苗PSⅡ最大光合效率（Fv/Fm）、YⅡ和非光化学荧光淬灭系数（NPQ）均有所提高，而嵌芽接苗和劈接苗叶片的Fv/Fm、NPQ以及切接苗叶片的qP均有所降低。不同组合处理山苍子嫁接苗综合评分从高到低依次为套袋嵌芽接苗＞不套袋劈接苗＞套袋切接苗＞不套袋嵌芽接苗＞不套袋切接苗＞套袋劈接苗。【结论】山苍子不同组合处理中，以套袋嵌芽接苗和不套袋劈接苗各项指标的综合表现较优，其最适宜的嫁接方法为套袋嵌芽接，建议在江西地区推广应用。 |
| 关键词: 山苍子 嫁接方法 光合特性 叶绿素荧光 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:江西省科学技术厅重大科技研发专项(20203ABC28W016)；江西省林业局樟树研究专项(创新专项［2020］07) |
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| Effects of grafting methods and bagging on growth,photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Litsea cubeba |
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CHEN Xia,WANG Xizheng,SU Wenjuan,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study compared the effects of grafting methods and bagging on growth, photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Listea cubeba seedlings to identify the best grafting method.【Method】In this study,one-year old L. cubeba seedlings were selected as the rootstocks and the branches of three-year old L. cubeba were selected as scions.Three grafting methods were adopted,including bud imbedd,splitting and cutting.Each grafting method was imbedded with two treatments of bagging and non bagging.The survival rate,growth,leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of different grafted seedlings were measured.Multiple indicators were compared and the overall grafting was comprehensively evaluated based on the subordination function analysis.【Result】Among three grafting methods,the survival rate of non bagged imbedded bud grafting was the highest (93.75%),and the survival rates of split and cut seedlings treated with bagging were 9.03% and 26.01% higher than those of non bagging.The length of new branches,basal diameter of new branches and number of leaves of different seedlings reached their peak values from 120 to 150 days after grafting.The maximum length of new branches in bagged cutting grafting seedlings,the maximum basal diameter of new branches in bagged imbedded bud grafting seedlings and the maximum number of leaves in non bagged cut grafting seedlings were 26.06 cm,5.69 mm and 35.55 pieces.The photosynthetic rate (Pn),transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of leaves of imbedded bud grafted and split grafted seedlings decreased compared with those in non bagging treatments,while Pn,Tr,Gs and water use efficiency (WUE) of leaves of cut grafting seedlings were increased.Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of leaves in bagging split grafting seedlings was the highest of 272.11 μmol/mol.The actual photochemical efficiency (YⅡ) and photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient (qP) of bagged cut grafting seedlings,the maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm),YⅡ and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient (NPQ) of the leaves of bagged imbedded bud grafting seedlings were improved by bagging treatment compared with non bagging,while Fv/Fm and NPQ of imbedded bud grafted and split grafted seedlings and qP of cut grafted seedlings leaves were reduced.The comprehensive scoring of various parameters of L. cubeba grafted seedlings was in the decreasing order of bagged imbedded bud grafting seedlings>non bagged split grafting seedlings>bagged cut grafting seedlings>non bagged imbedded bud grafting seedlings>non bagged cut grafting seedlings>bagged split grafting seedlings.【Conclusion】Indexes of bagged imbedded bud grafting seedlings and non bagged split grafting seedling were excellent.Bagged and imbedded bud grafting method was recommended for popularization in Jiangxi. |
| Key words: Litsea cubeba grafting method photosynthetic characteristics chlorophyll fluorescence |
