| 摘要: |
| 【目的】比较长白山5种橐吾属植物种子特征，为橐吾属植物分类学与栽培繁育研究提供理论依据。【方法】利用形态观察法、电镜扫描法及传统石蜡切片法，对5种橐吾属（蹄叶橐吾、‘紫筋’橐吾、白毛橐吾、合苞橐吾、‘戴斯德蒙娜’齿叶橐吾）植物种子的外观特征、显微结构和解剖特征进行比较，最后用聚类分析的方法进行分类。【结果】供试橐吾属植物种子的颜色、形状、大小、千粒质量等外观特征差异明显，除合苞橐吾种子颜色一致外，其他4种种子均有深色条纹；在扫描电镜下5种橐吾种子侧面、脐部与喙部为纵条纹型和负网纹型纹饰，不同橐吾间纹饰特征均有不同；供试种子横切面为椭圆形、近圆形或多角形，由外至内依次为外果皮、中果皮、种皮、胚乳、子叶，不同种间各部位特征存在差异。聚类分析中5种橐吾种子聚为3类，其中蹄叶橐吾与‘紫筋’橐吾未被聚为一类，二者的所有形态与解剖结构指标均存在显著差异（P<0.05）。【结论】合苞橐吾种子的体积与果皮厚度等解剖指标均最大，是限制其种子萌发的原因之一；‘紫筋’橐吾可能是一个新变种；5种橐吾种子的形态与解剖结构特征存在明显差异，可作为橐吾属植物分类鉴别与探究其演化关系的重要依据。 |
| 关键词: 橐吾属植物 种子分类 微形态特征 解剖结构 |
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| 基金项目:吉林省重点研发计划项目（20180201079NY） |
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| Characteristics and classification of seeds of five Ligularia species |
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DONG Ran,LI Panpan,QIAN Ying,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The seed characteristics of five Ligularia species in the Changbai Mountain were compared to provide basis for taxonomic research,cultivation and breeding of Ligularia.【Method】The appearance characteristics,microstructure and anatomical characteristics of seeds of five Ligularia species（L.fischeri,L.fischeri (‘Zijin’),L.villosum,L.schmidtii and L.dentata ‘Desdemona’） were compared by morphological observation,electron microscope scanning and traditional paraffin section method.Finally,cluster analysis was used for classification.【Result】The appearance characteristics of tested seeds,such as color,shape,size and thousand seed weight,were significantly different.Seeds of all species had dark stripes,except that of L.schmidtii had uniform color.Through the scanning electron microscope,the lateral,umbilicus and beak of seeds were longitudinal stripe and negative reticulate patterns,and the decorative characteristics were different among species.The cross section of tested seeds was oval,nearly round or polygonal,and exocarp,mesocarp,seed coat,endosperm and cotyledon were in order from outside to inside.There were differences in the characteristics of each part among different species.The five Ligularia species were clustered into 3 categories by cluster analysis.L.fischeri and L.fischeri (‘Zijin’) were not grouped together as there were significant differences in all morphological and anatomical structure indexes (P<0.05).【Conclusion】The seed volume and anatomical indexes of L.schmidtii were the largest,which was one of the reasons limiting its seed germination.The L.fischeri (‘Zijin’) may be a new variant.The morphological and anatomical characteristics of seeds of the five Ligularia species had significant differences and can be used as an important basis for classification,identification and exploration of the evolutionary relationship of Ligularia. |
| Key words: Ligularia seeds classification micro-morphological characteristics anatomic structure |
