| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究施氮对饲用燕麦间作箭筈豌豆饲草产量和品质及水氮利用的影响，为阴山南麓地区燕麦间作‖箭筈豌豆饲草水肥高效利用栽培管理技术提供科学依据。【方法】以蒙饲燕1号饲用燕麦和普通箭筈豌豆为材料，于2020-2021年在阴山南麓地区开展间作田间试验，设置3种种植方式（燕麦间作箭筈豌豆、燕麦单作和箭筈豌豆单作,分别记为OV、MO、MV），研究 3 种施氮水平(0，75，150 kg/hm2,分别记为N0、N75、N150)对饲草产量和品质及水氮利用效率的影响。【结果】（1）种植方式和施氮水平对饲草的鲜草和干草产量影响均极显著（P<0.01）。不同种植方式下，随施氮量增加燕麦和箭筈豌豆的鲜草和干草产量增加，其中以单作燕麦N150处理的鲜草和干草产量最高，2020和2021年鲜草产量较N0分别提高了45.97%和50.00%，干草产量较N0分别提高了41.72%和43.74%。（2）不同种植方式下，随施氮量增加燕麦和箭筈豌豆的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和可溶性糖含量及相对饲用价值呈增加趋势，而中性和酸性洗涤纤维含量呈降低趋势，总体看以N150处理效果最好，但与N75处理无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。（3）种植方式和施氮水平对水分利用效率影响极显著（P<0.01）。不同种植方式下，随施氮量增加燕麦和箭筈豌豆的生育期耗水量和水分利用效率均增加，其中以单作燕麦N150处理水分利用效率最高，2020和2021年水分利用效率较N0分别提高了33.54%和28.27%。（4）种植方式和施氮水平对饲草植株氮含量和氮吸收量影响均极显著（P<0.01）。不同种植方式下，随施氮量增加燕麦和箭筈豌豆的植株氮含量和氮吸收量均增加，但在N150处理氮肥农学效率、氮肥吸收利用率和氮肥偏生产力均降低，其中以间作燕麦N75处理下氮肥利用效率最高，2020和2021年氮肥吸收利用率较N150处理分别提高了28.21%和21.43%，2020和2021年氮肥偏生产力较N150处理分别提高了71.73%和54.30%。【结论】燕麦间作箭筈豌豆模式能提高该地区饲草产量并改善禾本科饲草品质，且在N75处理水氮利用效率优于N150处理，更适于阴山南麓地区推广种植。 |
| 关键词: 施氮 间作方式 饲用燕麦 箭筈豌豆 饲草产量 饲草品质 水氮利用效率 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:内蒙古自治区科技重大专项（2020ZD0005,2019ZD003） |
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| Effects of nitrogen application on yield,quality,water and nitrogen use efficiency of intercropping oat and common vetch |
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HAN Dongyu,LI Lijun,ZHAO Xinyao,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the effects of nitrogen application on yield,quality and water and nitrogen utilization of intercropping forage to provide basis for cultivation and management of intercropping forage oat and common vetch with better water and fertilizer utilization in the southern foot of Yinshan Mountain.【Method】A field experiment was conducted with forage oat and common vetch in the southern part of Yinshan Mountain from 2020 to 2021.Three cropping practices including intercropping of oat and common vetch,monoculture oat and monoculture common vetch (OV,MO and MV) were conducted and the effects of three nitrogen application levels of 0,75 and 150 kg/hm2 (N0,N75 and N150) on forage yield,quality and water and nitrogen use efficiency were studied.【Result】(1) Planting pattern and nitrogen application level had significant effects on yields of fresh grass and hay (P<0.01).Under different planting methods,fresh and hay yields of oat and common vetch increased with the increase of nitrogen application level.The treatment of monoculture oat N150 had the highest fresh and hay yields.Its fresh yields in 2020 and 2021 were increased by 45.97% and 50.00% in comparison to N0 and the hay yields were increased 41.72% and 43.74%,respectively.(2) Under different planting practices,contents of crude protein,ether extract and soluble sugar as well as relative feeding value of oat and common vetch showed an increasing trend,while contents of neutral and acid detergent fiber showed a decreasing trend with the increase of nitrogen application level.In general,N150 had the best effect,but there was no significant difference between N75 and N150 (P>0.05).(3) The effects of planting method and nitrogen application level on water use efficiency were extremely significant (P<0.01).Under different cropping practices,soil water consumption and water use efficiency (WUE) increased with the increase of nitrogen application level,and the highest WUE was observed under the monoculture oat N150 treatment,which was 33.54% and 28.27% higher than that of N0 in 2020 and 2021,respectively.(4) The effects of planting method and nitrogen application level on nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake of forage were extremely significant (P<0.01).Under different cropping practices,nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake of oat and common vetch increased with the increase of nitrogen application level,while agronomic use efficiency,nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity decreased in N150.The highest nitrogen use efficiency was observed in intercropped oat N75.Compared with N150,the nitrogen uptake efficiency was increased by 28.21% and 21.43% in 2020 and 2021,and the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer was increased by 71.73% and 54.30% in 2020 and 2021,respectively.【Conclusion】The oat intercropping common vetch mode increased the yield of single legumes and quality of forages in the southern foot of Yinshan Mountain.The N75 level with higher water nitrogen utilization efficiency than N150 was more suitable for popularization in this region. |
| Key words: nitrogen application intercropping pattern forage oat common vetch forage yields forage quality water and nitrogen use efficiency |
