| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析犏牛、黄牛和娟姗牛瘤胃微生物多样性的差异，并对菌群功能进行预测。【方法】选取甘南藏族自治州合作市同一牧场放养的生理状态正常、年龄相近（1.5岁左右）的犏牛、黄牛和娟姗牛各6头，抽取瘤胃液于冻存管，放入液氮保存。基于16S rRNA测序技术，对供试牛瘤胃液样本基因组DNA进行V3~V4区扩增及测序，对所得序列处理后进行OTU聚类分析和物种分类，并利用Tax4Fun对菌落的16S rRNA基因序列进行KEGG功能注释。【结果】Alpha多样性分析显示,犏牛瘤胃微生物多样性和丰富度显著高于黄牛和娟姗牛（P＜0.05）。门分类水平上，犏牛瘤胃液中厚壁菌门、脱硫杆菌门、疣微菌门、髌骨细菌门和纤维菌门显著高于黄牛（P＜0.05），脱硫杆菌门和疣微菌门显著高于娟姗牛（P＜0.05）。属分类水平上的差异主要表现在厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门所属的各菌群中，犏牛瘤胃液中普雷沃菌属、瘤胃球菌属和解琥珀酸菌属丰度显著低于黄牛（P＜0.05）；理研菌科_RC9菌群丰度显著高于黄牛（P＜0.05）;犏牛和娟姗牛瘤胃中克里斯氏菌科_R-7菌群、瘤胃菌科_NK4A214菌群、g_norank_f_UCG-011和未分类毛螺菌科显著高于黄牛（P＜0.05）。瘤胃菌群功能预测发现，犏牛富集在碳水化合物代谢、核苷酸代谢和翻译二级通路上的功能丰度显著高于黄牛（P＜0.05），但与娟姗牛差异不显著（P＞0.05）；黄牛二级通路中辅助因子和维生素的代谢功能丰度显著高于犏牛和娟姗牛（P＜0.05）。【结论】犏牛和黄牛间瘤胃菌群组成差异较大，娟姗牛菌群组成介于犏牛和黄牛之间；犏牛瘤胃菌群发酵最具优势，可能为其适应高原地区严酷的生存环境发挥了重要作用。 |
| 关键词: 瘤胃微生物；16S rRNA；菌群结构 犏牛；黄牛；娟姗牛 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1600200）；现代肉牛牦牛产业技术体系项目（CARS-37）；甘肃省基础研究创新群体项目（20JR5RA580）；中国农业科学院创新工程项目（25-LIHPS-01）；甘肃省科技重大专项（21ZD10NA001,GZGG-2021-1） |
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| Comparison of rumen microbiota structure and functional prediction among Cattle yak,Cattle and Jersey |
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MA Xiaoyong,TAN Yizhou,REN Wenwen,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study analyzed the differences of microbial diversity in rumen fluid of Cattle yak,Jersey and Cattle and predicted the functions of bacterial flora.【Method】Eighteen perennial grazing Cattle yak,Cattle and Jersey with normal physiological state, good body condition and similar age (about 1.5 years old) were randomly selected from Hezuo City,Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Gansu province.They were divided into three groups according to species.Rumen fluid was extracted by vacuum negative pressure device into frozen storage tube and stored in liquid nitrogen,and the V3-V4 region of genomic DNA was amplified and sequenced based on 16S rRNA sequencing technology.Then,OTU cluster analysis and species classification analysis were performed,and the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the colonies were also annotated by KEGG function using Tax4Fun.【Result】The diversity and richness of rumen microbes in Cattle yak were significantly higher than those in Cattle and Jersey (P＜0.05).At the phylum classification level,Firmicutes,Desulfobacterota,Verrucomicrobiota,Patescibacteria,Fibrobacterota and Planctomycetota in rumen fluid of Cattle yak were significantly higher than those of Cattle (P<0.05),and Desulfobacterota and Verrucomicrobiota of Cattle yak were significantly higher than those of Jersey (P<0.05).The differences in genus level were mainly in the flora belonging to Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.The abundance of Prevotella,Ruminococcus and Succinobacteria in rumen fluid of Cattle yak was significantly lower than that of Cattle (P<0.05),while the abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9 group was significantly higher than that of Cattle (P<0.05).The rumen concentrations of Christensenellaceae_R-7 group,Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214 group,g_norank_f_UCG 011 and unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae in Cattle yak and Jersey were significantly higher than those in Cattle (P<0.05).The functional prediction of rumen microbiota showed that the functional abundance of Cattle yak in the secondary pathways of carbohydrate metabolism,nucleotide metabolism and translation was significantly higher than that of cattle (P<0.05),but not significantly different from Jersey (P>0.05).The metabolism of cofactors and vitamins in the secondary pathway of cattle was significantly higher than that of Cattle yak and Jersey (P<0.05).【Conclusion】The rumen microbiota composition was significantly different between Cattle yak and Cattle.The composition of Jersey was between Cattle yak and Cattle.The rumen microbiota of Cattle yak had the most advantages in fermentation,which might play an important role in its adaptation to the harsh living environment on plateau. |
| Key words: ruminal microbial 16S rRNA microbiota structure Cattle yak Cattle Jersey |
