| 摘要: |
| 【目的】了解不同披碱草种质性状，为优良披碱草种质材料筛选提供依据。【方法】以21份不同来源的披碱草种质为材料，通过测定17个农艺指标，利用相关性分析、主成分分析、多元逐步回归分析、聚类分析等统计分析方法，研究披碱草主要农艺性状的变异特征，明确披碱草产量形成的主要影响因子。【结果】披碱草农艺性状变异丰富，变异系数在11.07%（花序长）～45.53%（基部茎长）。相关性分析表明，披碱草单株干草产量与基部茎长、旗叶长呈显著正相关（P<0.05），单株种子产量与分蘖数、千粒质量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。多元逐步回归与通径分析表明，株高、茎粗、基部茎长、穗下茎长、旗叶宽、倒二叶长、倒二叶叶鞘长、倒二叶宽、花序长、小穗长、茎叶比是影响单株干草产量的主要因子，其中茎粗、基部茎长、穗下茎长、旗叶宽、倒二叶叶鞘长、小穗长、茎叶比对单株干草产量的影响有直接效应；株高、倒二叶叶鞘长、小穗长、分蘖数、千粒质量是影响单株种子产量的主要因子，其中小穗长、分蘖数对单株种子产量的影响有直接效应。主成分分析表明，前5个主成分累积贡献率达79.304%。根据第1，2主成分筛选出PJC09、PJC14、PJC15、PJC17、PJC18、PJC26、PJC27共7份单株干草产量和单株种子产量表现均较高的披碱草种质材料，其平均单株干草产量为197.02 g，单株种子产量为21.39 g。聚类分析表明，21份披碱草种质材料被聚为3类，第Ⅰ类包含2份种质材料，可作为筛选单株种子产量高的种质利用，第Ⅱ类包含10份种质材料，可作为筛选单株干草产量和单株种子产量均高的种质利用，第Ⅲ类包含9份种质材料，可依据育种目标筛选特异性状的种质利用。【结论】确定了11个影响披碱草单株干草产量的主要因子和5个影响单株种子产量的主要因子，筛选出单株干草产量和单株种子产量均表现优异的7份披碱草种质材料。 |
| 关键词: 披碱草 农艺性状 干草产量 种子产量 种质筛选 |
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| 基金项目:宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目（2021BBF02003）；宁夏回族自治区农业育种专项（2019nyyz0403） |
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| Correlation between agronomic traits and yield formation of 21 Elymus dahuricus |
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WANG Xucheng,WANG Qin,ONG Wenxue,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the characteristics of different Elymus dahuricus germplasms to screen elite germplasm materials of E. dahuricus.【Method】A total of 21 E. dahuricus germplasms from different sources were selected and 17 agronomic indicators were measured to study the variations of main agronomic characters of E. dahuricus through statistical analysis such as correlation,principal component,multiple stepwise regression,and clustering.The main factors influencing yield formation of E. dahuricus were clarified.【Result】The variations of agronomic characters of E. dahuricus were rich,and the coefficients of variation ranged from 11.07% (inflorescence length) to 45.53% (basal stem length).Correlation analysis showed that hay yield per plant had significantly positive correlation with basal stem length and flag leaf length (P<0.05),and seed yield per plant had significantly positive correlation with tiller number and thousand-grain weight (P<0.01).Multiple stepwise regression and path analysis showed that plant height,stem diameter,basal stem length,stem length under panicle,flag leaf width,length of the second leaf,sheath length of the second leaf,width of the second leaf,inflorescence length,spikelet length,and stem-to-leaf ratio were the main factors affecting the hay yield per plant,among which stem diameter,base stem length,under ear stem length,flag leaf width,leaf sheath length,spikelet length,and stem-leaf ratio had direct contributions.Plant height,length of the second leaf sheath,length of the spikelet,number of tillers and thousand-grain weight were the main factors affecting seed yield per plant,among which length of spikelet and number of tillers had direct effects.The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components reached 79.304%.According to the first and second main components,Seven E. dahuricus germplasm materials of PJC09,PJC14,PJC15,PJC17,PJC18,PJC26,and PJC27 with high hay yield and seed yield per plant were screened.The average hay yield per plant was 197.02 g,and the seed yield per plant was 21.39 g.Cluster analysis showed that 21 accessions of E. dahuricus germplasm were clustered into 3 categories:category Ⅰ contained 2 germplasms for screening high seed yield per plant,category Ⅱ included 10 germplasms for screening high hay yield and seed yield per plant,category Ⅲ contained 9 germplasm materials for screening specific germplasm according to breeding goal.【Conclusion】This study determined 11 main factors affecting hay yield per plant and 5 main factors affecting seed yield per plant.Seven E. dahuricus germplasm materials with excellent hay yield per plant and seed yield per plant were also screened. |
| Key words: Elymus dahuricus agronomic character hay yield seed yield germplasm resources screening |
