| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究行距和灌水量以及二者的交互作用对塑料大棚番茄光能和水分利用特性的影响，为基质栽培行距和灌水量设置提供一定的依据。【方法】试验于塑料大棚内进行，以基质栽培的番茄品种‘金鹏14-8’为供试材料。采用裂区设计，主区为种植行距，宽窄行栽培，窄行距为40 cm，株距35 cm，大行距设置L1（70 cm,5.19株/m2）、L2（120 cm,3.57株/m2）和L3（170 cm,2.72株/m2）3个水平；副区依据植株日蒸腾量（ET）设置2个灌水量水平：常规灌溉（N）为营养生长期灌水1.25 ET、生殖生长期灌水1.50 ET，轻度亏缺灌溉（K）为营养生长期灌水1.00 ET、生殖生长期灌水1.20 ET；两两组合成L1N、L1K、L2N、L2K、L3N和L3K共6个处理。通过测算番茄植株形态指标、干鲜质量、光能和水分利用效率、产量等以及各指标间的相关性，综合分析番茄光能和水分利用对种植行距和灌水量的响应。【结果】番茄株高、叶面积指数、单位面积产量、冠层辐射截获量（IPAR）均随着种植行距增大呈降低趋势，L1N单位面积产量最高，较其他处理增高5.65%～55.65%；茎粗、叶面积、单株干鲜质量、单株产量、单株日蒸腾量随着种植行距增大呈升高趋势，L3N单株产量最高，较其他处理提高3.10%～46.91%。L2N冠层辐射利用率（RUE）最高，果实膨大期达135.31 (g·s)/mmol，较其他处理提高5.41%～67.59%，果实成熟期达151.97 (g·s)/mmol，较其他处理提高1.25%～48.86%；L2K灌溉水利用效率（IWUE）最高，为39.18 g/kg，较其他处理增加9.58%～33.90%。番茄植株单位面积下叶面积、干鲜质量、产量、IPAR及RUE两两之间呈极显著正相关，蒸腾量与上述指标呈极显著负相关，IWUE则与各指标间相关性不显著。【结论】适度增大种植行距对番茄单株增益明显，可以增强群体光能和水分利用效率，单株产量大幅提高，单位面积产量略微降低；但过大的种植行距会造成无效损耗，导致单位面积产量、RUE及IWUE均降低。常规灌溉番茄植株生长形态和物质积累优于轻度亏缺灌溉，但轻度亏缺灌溉可以显著提高IWUE；种植行距与灌水量间存在交互作用，总体而言，L2N处理光能利用表现最好，L2K处理水分利用表现最佳。 |
| 关键词: 番茄栽培 种植行距 灌水量 光能利用效率（RUE） 灌溉水利用效率（IWUE） |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:陕西省科学技术厅区域创新能力引导计划项目(2021QFY08-04) |
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| Effects of row spacing and irrigation amount on light energy and water utilization of tomato in plastic greenhouse under substrate cultivation |
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CHANG Jiayue,MA Xiaolong,WU Guran,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The effects of row spacing,irrigation amount and their interaction on light energy and water use characteristics of plastic greenhouse tomato were investigated to provide basis for management of row spacing and irrigation amount in substrate cultivation.【Method】The experiment was carried out in a plastic greenhouse and tomato variety ‘Jinpeng 14-8’ was cultivated in substrate.A split plot design was adopted with main plot of wide and narrow row spacing.The narrow row spacing was 40 cm,the plant spacing was 35 cm,and the large row spacing was set to L1 (70 cm,5.19 plants/m2),L2 (120 cm,3.57 plants/m2) and L3 (170 cm,2.72 plants/m2),respectively.The sub-area had 2 irrigation levels according to daily transpiration (ET) of plants.The conventional irrigation (N) was 1.25 ET in the vegetative growth period and 1.50 ET in the reproductive growth period,and the mild deficit irrigation (K) was 1.00 ET in the vegetative growth period and 1.20 ET in the reproductive growth period.A total of 6 treatments of L1N,L1K,L2N,L2K,L3N and L3K were synthesized in two groups.Tomato plant morphological indicators, dry and fresh weight,light energy and water use efficiency and yield were measured and correlations between indexes were analyzed to comprehensively analyze responses of tomato light energy and water use to planting row spacing and irrigation amount.【Result】Tomato plant height, leaf area index,yield per unit area,and canopy radiation interception per unit area (IPAR) decreased with the increase of planting row spacing.The yield per unit area of L1N was the highest and 5.65%-55.65% higher than other treatments.Stem diameter,leaf area,dry and fresh weight per plant,yield per plant,and daily transpiration per plant increased with the increase of planting row spacing.The yield per plant of L3N was the highest and 3.10%-46.91% higher than other treatments.L2N had the highest canopy radiation utilization rate (RUE) of 135.31 (g·s)/mmol in fruit expansion stage,which was 5.41%-67.59% higher than other treatments,and 151.97 (g·s)/mmol in fruit ripening stage,which was 1.25%-48.86% higher than other treatments.L2K had the highest irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of 39.18 g/kg,with an 9.58%-33.90% increase compared with other treatments.There were very significant positive correlations between leaf area,dry and fresh weight,yield,IPAR and RUE per unit area of tomato plants.Transpiration had extremely significant negative correlations with above indicators,while IWUE had no significant correlation with them.【Conclusion】Moderately increasing planting row spacing benefited tomato plant by enhancing group light energy and water use efficiency,greatly increasing yield per plant,and slightly reducing the yield per unit area.Excessive planting row spacing caused ineffective loss,resulting in decreases of unit area yield,RUE and IWUE.Growth morphology and biomass accumulation of conventional irrigation tomato plants were better than those of mild deficit irrigation,but mild deficit irrigation significantly improved IWUE.There were interactions between planting row spacing and irrigation amount.In general,L2N treatment had the best performance in light energy utilization and L2K treatment had the best performance in water utilization. |
| Key words: tomato cultivation planting row spacing irrigation amount light energy use efficiency (RUE) irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) |
