| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究全有机营养液基质袋栽条件下不同品种西瓜产量与品质的差异，筛选适宜全有机营养基质袋式栽培模式的西瓜品种。【方法】以14个西瓜品种(红小玉、苏梦907-099、苏梦RS66-57、小兰、苏梦907-126、苏梦907-032、早佳84-24、苏创5号、苏创4号、苏创907-145、苏创907-124、苏创907-144、苏创907-147、苏梦6号)为研究对象，其中苏梦6号同时用基质袋栽和土壤栽培方式，其他品种用基质袋栽方式，比较不同品种西瓜产量、果形指数、果皮厚度、单果质量等商品性状，中心可溶性固形物、边际可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、还原糖、维生素C、可溶性蛋白含量等营养风味品质，以及挥发性物质含量、特征香气成分等芳香特性，通过顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术提取和分析不同品种西瓜挥发性物质成分，依据相对气味活度值筛选各品种西瓜关键香气成分，采用系统聚类法对西瓜品种进行分类，基于AHP-熵权法结合博弈论原理对不同西瓜品种品质进行综合评价。【结果】在全有机营养液基质袋式栽培条件下，苏创907-147产量最高，达54 125 kg/hm2；苏梦6号果皮最薄，仅4.18 mm；苏梦6号中心可溶性固形物、边际可溶性固形物及维生素C含量最高，分别为13.53%，11.37%,30.06 μg/g；从不同西瓜品种中共检测出114种挥发性物质，苏创907-145和苏创907-147中相对含量最高的分别是反,顺-2,6-壬二烯醛和十一醇，其余品种中均以顺-3-壬烯-1-醇相对含量最高；检测到的挥发性化合物包括醇类、醛类、烯类、酮类、烷类、呋喃类、酯类、其他类8大类，苏创907-145中醛类化合物相对含量最高，其余品种均以醇类化合物相对含量最高；苏梦RS66-57、小兰和苏创907-145挥发性物质成分较为特殊；苏创907-145中反,顺-2,6-壬二烯醛（黄瓜味）对总体风味贡献最高，早佳84-24、苏创907-144、苏创907-147、苏梦6号（土壤栽培）中顺,顺-3,6-壬二烯醛（瓜味、清香、稍有奶香）对总体风味的贡献最高，其余品种中贡献最高的为顺-3-壬烯-1-醇（清香、动物脂味）；苏创907-124香气最浓郁，芳香化合物总含量和关键香气成分总含量分别达到744.03和498.26 mg/kg，且香味独特。利用组合赋权法对不同品种进行综合打分，得分最高的为苏梦6号（基质袋栽方式）。【结论】供试14个西瓜品种中，苏梦6号最适宜进行全有机营养液基质袋式栽培。 |
| 关键词: 西瓜 有机营养 基质袋栽 品种筛选 挥发性物质 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFD1001903）；陕西省技术创新引导专项（基金）（2021QFY08-04） |
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| Screening of high-quality watermelon varieties for culturing in all-organic nutrient solution matrix |
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CHANG Jiayue,WANG Xuewei,SUN Yudong,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The differences in yield and quality of different watermelon varieties under bag cultivation with all-organic nutrient solution substrate were studied,and the suitable variety was screened.【Method】A total of 14 watermelon varieties including Hong Xiaoyu,Sumeng 907-099,Sumeng RS66-57,Xiaolan,Sumeng 907 126,Sumeng 907-032,Zaojia 84-24,Suchuang 5,Suchuang 4,Suchuang 907-145,Suchuang 907-124,Suchuang 907-144,Suchuang 907-147,and Sumeng 6 were tested in matrix bags and Sumeng 6 was also cultivated in soil.The yield,fruit shape index,peel thickness,single fruit quality,other commodity characters,central soluble solids,marginal soluble solids,soluble total sugar,reducing sugar,vitamin C,soluble protein,nutrient flavor quality and aroma characteristics were measured and compared.Volatile matter components of different watermelons were extracted and analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry technology.According to relative odor activity value,key aroma components of various watermelon varieties were screened,and watermelon varieties were classified by the system clustering method.Watermelon varieties were also comprehensively evaluated based on the AHP entropy weight method combined with the principle of game theory.【Result】In bag cultivation of all-organic nutrient solution matrix,Suchuang 907-147 had the highest yield of 54 125 kg/hm2,and Sumeng 6 had the thinnest peel of 4.18 mm.Sumeng 6 also had the highest watermelon,marginal soluble solids and vitamin C contents of 13.53%,11.37% and 30.06 μg/g,respectively.A total of 114 volatile substances were detected in different watermelon varieties. The dominate component was trans,cis-2,6-nonadienal for Suchuang 907-145,undecanol for Suchuang 907-147,and cis-3-nonen-1-ol for other varieties.The detected volatile compounds included alcohols,aldehydes,alkenes,ketones,alkanes,furans,esters,and other 8 categories.Aldehydes had the highest contents in Suchuang 907-145,while alcohols had the highest contents in other varieties.Sumeng RS66-57,Xiaolan and Suchuang 907-145 had special volatile substances.For Suchuang 907-145,cis-2,6-nonadienal (cucumber flavor) contributed the most to overall flavor,while cis-3,6-nonadienal (melon flavor,fragrant,slightly milky) contributed the most for Zaojia 84-24,Suchuang 907-144,Suchuang 907-147 and Sumeng 6 (soil cultivation).For other varieties,the largest contributor was cis-3-nonen-1-ol (fragrant,animal fat flavor).Suchuang 907-124 had the most intense aroma,and the total contents of aromatic compounds and key aroma components were 744.03 and 498.26 mg/kg,respectively.The combination weighting method was used to comprehensively score different varieties,and Sumeng 6 (bag cultivation) had the highest score.【Conclusion】Sumeng 6 was the most suitable for bag cultivation in all-organic nutrient solution matrix among the 14 tested varieties. |
| Key words: watermelon organic nutrition bag cultivation with matrix variety screening volatile substance |
