| 摘要: |
| 【目的】针对北疆地区水资源短缺及棉田土壤盐渍化等问题，研究不同生育期土壤基质势调控对棉花生长、产量、土壤水分及脱盐效果的影响，为北疆棉田节水控盐高效灌溉制度制定提供理论依据。【方法】于2020年4月至2020年9月，在新疆石河子市146团进行大田试验，以棉花“新陆早42号”为材料，在棉花的苗期（A）、苗期＋蕾期（B）、苗期＋蕾期＋花铃期（C）分别设置W1（－10 kPa）、W2（－20 kPa）和W3（－30 kPa）3个土壤基质势调控灌溉水平，以整个生育期土壤基质势下限－40 kPa为对照（CK），共10个处理，对不同土壤基质势调控处理棉花生长、产量及土壤水盐等指标进行测定，最后采用TOPSIS法对不同处理效果进行综合评价。【结果】1）同一基质势灌溉水平下，不同生育期调控灌溉对棉花的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、地上干物质量和籽棉产量有明显影响，表现为C＞B＞A＞CK；同一生育期调控灌溉下，随着土壤基质势水平的提高，棉花株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、干物质量均明显增加，其中W1和W2处理明显高于W3和CK。从籽棉产量来看，W1C、W2C、W3C、W1B处理显著高于其他处理，其中W1C处理最高。2）在同一基质势调控水平下，0~40 cm土层的土壤含水率基本表现为C＞B＞A>CK；随着土壤基质势水平的提高，0~40 cm土层的土壤含水率明显增大，其中W1C和W2C处理土壤含水率明显高于其他处理。3）同一基质势灌溉水平下，不同生育期调控灌溉收获期0~100 cm土层相对脱盐率的平均值基本呈现C>B>A；相同生育期调控下土壤基质势水平越高，土壤脱盐效果越好，相对脱盐率均值越大(A除外)，且膜内脱盐效果优于膜外。其中W1C和W1B处理脱盐效果优于其他处理，其相对脱盐率平均值分别为175.16％和152.44％。TOPSIS综合评析结果表明，W2C处理更有利于棉花的生长发育、产量形成和较高的水分利用效率及较好的脱盐效果。【结论】在保证北疆棉田节水控盐高效生产的情况下，在苗期、蕾期和花铃期实施－20 kPa土壤基质势调控灌溉为最佳的灌溉模式。 |
| 关键词: 膜下滴灌 棉花栽培 土壤基质势调控 水分利用效率 土壤水盐 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51979231）；教育部高等学校学科创新引智计划项目（B12007） |
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| Effects of soil water regulation on cotton growth and soil water-salt distribution |
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JI Qingyuan,ZHANG Fucang,XIAO Chao,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Aiming at the challenge of water shortage and soil salinization in Northern Xinjiang,the effects of soil matrix potential (SMP) measures on cotton growth at different stages,yield,soil moisture and desalination were studied to provide basis for the optimization of irrigation management for cotton crops.【Method】A field experiment with “Xinluzao 42” was conducted in Shihezi,Xinjiang from April to September in 2020.The lower SMP limit of -40 kPa at 20 cm below the dripper during irrigation period was used as the CK.Three SMP treatments of W1 (-10 kPa),W2 (-20 kPa) and W3 (-30 kPa) were set to regulate the irrigation levels at the seedling stage (A),seedling stage+budding stage (B),seedling stage+budding stage+bolling stage (C).Finally,the TOPSIS method was used to comprehensively evaluate different treatments.【Result】1）Under same SMP threshold levels,regulated irrigation at different growth stages had significant effects on plant height,stem diameter,leaf area index (LAI),aboveground dry matter quality and yield of seed cotton,and they were in the order of C>B>A>CK.Under same regulated irrigation, plant height,stem diameter,LAI and dry matter accumulation increased significantly with the increase of SMP level,and W1 and W2 treatments had significantly higher values than W3 and CK.The seed cotton yields of W1C,W2C,W3C and W1B treatments were significantly higher than those of other treatments,and W1C was the highest.2）Under same SMP threshold levels,soil moisture content in 0-40 cm soil layer was basically in the order of WC>WB>WA>CK.Soil moisture content in 0-40 cm soil layer increased significantly with the increase of SMP level,and W1C and W2C had significantly higher values than those of other treatments.3）Under same SMP threshold levels,the average relative desalination rate of 0-100 cm soil layer in different growth stages was in the order of C>B>A.At same growth periods,higher SMP level had better soil desalination effect and average relative desalination rate(except A),and the desalination affect inside the film was higher than that outside the film.W1C and W1B had better desalination effects than other treatments,and their average relative desalination rates were 175.16% and 152.44%,respectively.The comprehensive TOPSIS analysis showed that the W2C treatment was the best for improving cotton growth, yield formation,water use efficiency and desalination effect.【Conclusion】It is recommended to implement -20 kPa SMP regulated irrigation in seedling stage,budding stage and bolling stage for water saving,salt control and efficient production in cotton fields in Northern Xinjiang. |
| Key words: drip irrigation under mulch cotton cultivation regulation of soil matrix potential water use efficiency soil water and salt |
