| 摘要: |
| 【目的】对吉林省中东部广泛种植的寒红梨、苹果梨、寒香梨、苹香梨光合特性进行测定与分析，为梨品种区划、高效栽培技术研发提供理论依据。【方法】在吉林省公主岭市和龙井市,选择树龄10年左右、树势中庸健壮的盛果期寒红梨、苹果梨、寒香梨、苹香梨为试验材料，每个品种3株，于8月底上午08：00-11：00,选择一年生枝条,测定叶片叶绿素相对含量（Dualex值）、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、最大量子产量（Y(Ⅱ)）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）和非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ），分析两地市梨品种叶片光合特性差异，采用主成分分析计算了2个地区不同品种光合特性的得分。【结果】（1）公主岭和龙井两地4个梨品种叶片的Dualex值差异较大，其中以寒红梨差异最大；4个品种中，寒香梨的Dualex值均最高。（2）两地4个梨品种光合参数Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr具有显著差异，其中Pn、Gs、Tr值以公主岭市整体高于龙井市。（3）两地4个梨品种Fv/Fm值为0.72~0.81，品种间以及地区间均无显著差异；4个梨品种Y(Ⅱ)值以公主岭市>龙井市，公主岭市苹香梨Y(Ⅱ)值最大，寒香梨的最小；龙井市苹果梨的Y(Ⅱ)值最大，寒红梨的最小；qP值以公主岭>龙井市，同一地区各品种间qP值差异不显著；苹香梨、寒红梨NPQ值以龙井市>公主岭市，苹果梨、寒香梨NPQ值以龙井市<公主岭市，两地寒红梨的NPQ值均最大。主成分分析结果显示，4个梨品种得分均表现为公主岭市>龙井市；在同一地区，4个品种得分存在明显差异。【结论】公主岭市梨品种光合能力高于龙井市；在公主岭市，光合能力由高到低表现为寒红梨>苹香梨>苹果梨>寒香梨，龙井市光合能力由高到低表现为苹果梨>寒香梨>苹香梨>寒红梨。 |
| 关键词: 梨 抗寒性 生态区域 光合特性 吉林省 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目（CARS-28） |
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| Photosynthetic characteristics of pear varieties in central and eastern Jilin |
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HU Mingyue,YAN Xingkai,WANG Qiang,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study analyzed the photosynthetic characteristics of pear varieties including Hanhong pear,Pingguo pear,Hanxiang pear and Pingxiang pear in central and eastern Jilin to provide basis for variety division and high-efficiency cultivation.【Method】Trees of Hanhong pear,Pingguo pear,Hanxiang pear and Pingxiang pear at the age of about 10 years in moderately vigorous fruiting period in Gongzhuling and Longjing were chosen.The leaf chlorophyll (Dualex value) content,net photosynthetic rate (Pn),transpiration rate (Tr),stomatal conductance (Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci),PSⅡ maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm),maximum quantum yield Y (Ⅱ),photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) were determined at the end of August from 08:00 to 11:00 to analyze differences in photosynthetic capacity.【Result】(1) Dualex values were quite different with larger values in Longjing than in Gongzhuling and the largest difference in Hanhong pear.(2) Pn,Gs,Ci,and Tr were significantly different between the two regions.The values of Pn,Gs,and Tr were higher in Gongzhuling than in Longjing,while the values of Ci were opposite.(3) The Fv/Fm value of the two regions was 0.72-0.81 without significant differences among varieties and regions.The values of Y(Ⅱ) in Gongzhuling were larger than that in Longjing.The Y(Ⅱ) value of Pingxiang pear was the largest and that of Hanxiang pear was the least in Gongzhuling.The Y(Ⅱ) value of Pingguo pear was the largest and that of Hanhong pear was the least in Longjing.The value of qP in Gongzhuling was larger than that in Longjing without significant difference among varieties.The NPQ values of Pingxiang pear and Hanhong pear in Gongzhuling were larger than those in Gongzhuling.The NPQ values of Pingguo pear and Hanxiang pear were smaller than those in Gongzhuling.The NPQ values of pears in Longjing were larger than those in Gongzhuling.The NPQ value of Hanhong pear was the largest in the two regions.【Conclusion】The photosynthetic capacity of pear varieties in Gongzhuling was higher than that in Longjing.The capacity was in order of Hanhong pear>Pingxiang pear>Pingguo pear>Hanxiang pear in Gongzhuling and Pingguo pear>Hanxiang pear>Pingxiang pear>Hanhong pear in Longjing. |
| Key words: pear cold resistance ecological region photosynthetic characteristics Jilin Province |
