| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究盐碱胁迫处理对越橘‘北陆’生理特性及叶片解剖结构的影响，为盐碱地区引种越橘提供参考依据。【方法】以2年生半高丛越橘‘北陆’为试材，采用盆栽方式，人工模拟盐碱环境进行试验，在1/10改良Hoagland营养液(pH 4.8)中添加不同浓度的NaCl、Na2CO3、NaHCO3进行盐碱胁迫处理，设置复合盐（NaCl＋Na2CO3）和碱性盐（NaHCO3＋Na2CO3）2种盐碱胁迫处理，每种盐碱胁迫处理分别设置30，60，90，120，150，180 mmol/L 6个盐浓度水平，以仅浇灌1/10改良Hoagland营养液的处理为对照（CK），探究盐碱胁迫对越橘‘北陆’叶片形态、叶绿素含量、生理生化变化及叶片解剖结构的影响，最后对不同生理指标间的相关性进行分析。【结果】（1）在30～60 mmol/L复合盐或者30 mmol/L碱性盐处理下，越橘叶片形态正常；之后随着盐浓度的增加，复合盐和碱性盐处理叶片开始失绿变黄，出现红褐色斑块，最终干枯，出现落叶。（2）随着盐浓度的增加，复合盐和碱性盐处理越橘叶片叶绿素含量均呈降低趋势，叶片细胞膜透性呈升高趋势，可溶性蛋白（SP）、可溶性糖（SS）、脯氨酸（Pro）、丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均呈先升高后降低的趋势。（3）随着盐浓度的增加，复合盐处理越橘叶片厚度、下表皮厚度、海绵薄壁组织厚度、中脉厚度和叶片组织结构疏松度（SR）总体上均呈降低的趋势，栅栏薄壁组织厚度、叶片组织结构紧密度（CTR）、栅/海均呈先增大后减小的趋势；碱性盐处理越橘叶片厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏薄壁组织厚度、海绵薄壁组织厚度、中脉厚度和SR总体上均呈降低的趋势；CTR、栅/海均呈先增长后降低的趋势。（4）相关性分析表明，复合盐胁迫处理下，SS与CAT、SOD呈显著正相关关系（P＜0.05），Pro与CAT、SOD呈极显著正相关关系（P＜0.01），SS与Pro、SOD呈显著正相关关系（P＜0.05）。碱性盐处理下，SS与Pro、MDA和CAT均呈极显著正相关关系（P＜0.01）；Pro与MDA和CAT均呈显著正相关关系（P＜0.05），与SOD呈极显著正相关关系（P＜0.01）。【结论】越橘‘北陆’幼苗遭受盐碱胁迫时，活性氧清除系统和渗透调节物质共同发挥作用。碱性盐对越橘幼苗生长的影响大于复合盐。 |
| 关键词: 越橘 盐碱胁迫 生理特性 叶片解剖结构 |
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| 基金项目:吉林省科技发展计划项目（20200402083NC，20200402113NC）；吉林农业大学综合示范基地项目（0214-202023181）；靖宇县科技发展计划项目（XBJ202016）；2020年度重点领域省级标准化试点示范项目（靖宇蓝莓标准化示范区） |
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| Effects of saline-alkali stress on physiological characteristics and anatomic structure of blueberry leave |
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JIA Wenfei,WEI Xiaoqiong,NIE Xiaolan,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the effects of saline-alkali stress on physiological characteristics and leaf anatomical structure of ‘Northland’ blueberry to provide references for introducing blueberry in saline alkali areas.【Method】The 2-year-old half-tall ‘Northland’ blueberry was planted in pots with artificial saline-alkali environment.NaCl,Na2CO3,and NaHCO3 at different concentrations were added to 1/10 modified Hoagland nutrient solution (pH 4.8) for simulating compound treatment with NaCl+Na2CO3 and alkaline salt treatment with NaHCO3+Na2CO3.Each treatment had 6 salt concentration levels of 30,60,90,120,150 and 180 mmol/L and the treatment without salt alkali stress was used as control (CK).Then,the effects of salt-alkali stress on leaf morphology,chlorophyll content,physiological and biochemical changes and leaf anatomical structure of ‘Northland’ blueberry were explored and the correlations between different physiological indicators were analyzed.【Result】(1) Under the treatment of 30-60 mmol/L compound salt or 30 mmol/L alkaline salt,the morphology of blueberry leaves was normal.With the increase of salt concentration,the leaves began to present chlorosis and turn yellow,reddish brown red spots appeared,and eventually leaves dried up and fell.(2) With the increase of salt concentration,the chlorophyll content of blueberry leaves treated with compound salt and alkaline salt decreased,and the cell membrane permeability increased.The contents of SS,SP,Pro and MDA and activities of SOD and CAT all showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.(3) With the increase of salt concentration,the leaf thickness,epidermal thickness,sponge parenchyma thickness,main vein thickness and SR of blueberry treated with compound salt generally decreased.The palisade parenchyma/spongy parenchyma increased first and then decreased.The leaf thickness,upper epidermal thickness,epidermal thickness,palisade parenchyma thickness,sponge parenchyma thickness,main vein thickness and SR of blueberry leaves treated with alkaline salt generally decreased.CTR and palisade parenchyma/spongy parenchyma both increased first and then decreased.(4) Correlation analysis showed that under compound salt stress treatment,SS had significantly positive correlation with CAT and SOD (P＜0.05),Pro had significantly positive correlation with CAT and SOD (P＜0.01),and SS had significantly positive correlation with Pro and SOD (P＜0.05).Under alkaline salt treatment,SS had significantly positive correlation with Pro,MDA and CAT (P＜0.01).Pro had significantly positive correlation with MDA and CAT (P＜0.05) and significantly positive correlation with SOD (P＜0.01).【Conclusion】When ‘Northland’ blueberry seedlings were subjected to saline-alkali stress,the active oxygen scavenging system and osmotic adjustment substances worked together.The effect of alkaline salt on blueberry seedlings was greater than that of compound salt. |
| Key words: blueberry salt-alkali stress physiological characteristics anatomical structure of leaves |
