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| 西瓜后绿突变体光合特性分析 |
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徐 铭1, 高美玲2, 郭 宇，等1
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1.齐齐哈尔大学 生命科学与农林学院;2.齐齐哈尔大学 生命科学与农林学院,黑龙江省抗性基因工程与寒地生物多样性保护重点实验室
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析西瓜后绿突变体的光合特性，为进一步探究西瓜叶色后绿机制及将叶色标记应用于杂交育种提供理论依据。【方法】以田间发现的西瓜叶色后绿突变体63第三节位（Ⅰ时期）黄化叶片、第九节位（Ⅱ时期）绿色叶片及绿叶品系Liu-2相同节位叶片为材料，测定其光合色素（叶绿素a（Chl a）、叶绿素b（Chl b）、类胡萝卜素（Caro）、总叶绿素（Chl））含量、光合参数（净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr））和荧光动力学参数（初始荧光产量（F0）、最大荧光产量（Fm）、最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、实际光化学效率（Fv′/Fm′）、实际光化学量子效率（ΦPSⅡ）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）、电子传递效率（ETR）），并进行比较分析。【结果】与Ⅰ时期相比，在Ⅱ时期，正常绿叶品系Liu-2叶片中的Chl a、Chl b、Caro、Chl及Chl a/Chl b差异不显著，但Caro/Chl显著降低了2.7%；后绿突变体63叶片中的Chl a、Chl b、Caro及Chl表现出极显著差异，较Ⅰ时期分别增加177.7%,251.9%,92.0%和171.1%，而Caro/Chl极显著降低了29.2%。Liu-2的Pn、Gs、Tr分别提高133.1%，41.0%和7.3%，Ci减少16.0%；后绿突变体63的Pn、Gs、Tr分别提高1 213.7%，49.6%和17.3%，Ci减少19.3%。与Ⅰ时期相比，Ⅱ时期Liu-2的F0减少4.9%，Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv′/Fm′、ΦPSⅡ、qP、ETR分别增加8.0%,3.0%,33.9%,77.2%,32.2%和77.2%；63的F0、Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv′/Fm′、ΦPSⅡ、qP、ETR分别增加78.1%,124.1%,6.6%,25.3%,70.0%,34.5%和68.5%，63转绿后F0、Fm的增加程度大于Liu-2。【结论】西瓜后绿突变体63-Ⅰ时期光合色素过低，导致幼叶黄化;Ⅱ时期光合色素含量大幅提高，使叶色逐渐由黄转绿。在此过程中其Chl含量提高，光能捕捉能力增强，荧光产量增加，最终光合能力得以恢复。 |
| 关键词: 西瓜 后绿突变体 叶绿素 光合特性 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31772334；31972437)；黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LC2018015) |
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| Photosynthetic characteristics of virescent mutant in watermelon |
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XU Ming,GAO Meiling,GUO Yu,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The photosynthetic characteristics of watermelon virescent mutant were analyzed to provide basis for further investigating the mechanism of virescent leaf color in watermelon and the application of leaf color markers to hybrid breeding.【Method】The yellowed leaves at the 3rd node (period Ⅰ) and green leaves at the 9th node (period Ⅱ) of the watermelon virescent mutant 63 in field and same leaves of the green leaf inbred line Liu-2 were obtained for determination of their photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a content (Chl a),chlorophyll b content (Chl b),carotenoid content (Caro) and chlorophyll content (Chl)),photosynthetic characteristics (net photosynthetic rate (Pn),stomatal conductance (Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci),transpiration rate (Tr)) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (minimal fluorescence yield (F0),maximal fluorescence yield (Fm),maximal quantum yield (Fv/Fm),actual quantum yield(Fv′/Fm′),actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSⅡ),photochemical quenching(qP) and electron transfer rate (ETR)).【Result】Compared with period Ⅰ,Chl a,Chl b,Caro,Chl and Chl a/Chl b in the leaves of normal green leaf inbred line Liu-2 had no significant differences in period II except Caro/Chl decreased significantly by 2.7%.Chl a,Chl b,Caro and Chl in leaves of the virescent mutant 63 showed very significant differences with 177.7%,251.9%,92.0% and 171.1% increases while Caro/Chl was significantly reduced by 29.2%.Pn,Gs,and Tr of Liu-2 were increased by 133.1%,41.0%,and 7.3%,respectively,while Ci was reduced by 16.0%.Pn,Gs,and Tr of virescent mutant 63 were increased by 1 213.7%,49.6%,and 17.3%,while Ci was reduced by 19.3%.Compared with period Ⅰ,F0 of Liu-2 in period Ⅱ was decreased by 4.9%,while Fm,Fv/Fm,Fv′/Fm′,ΦPSⅡ,qP and ETR were increased by 8.0%,3.0%,33.9%,77.2%,32.2% and 77.2%,respectively.F0,Fm,Fv/Fm,Fv′/Fm′,ΦPSⅡ,qP and ETR of virescent mutant 63 were increased by 78.1%,124.1%,6.6%,25.3%,70.0%,34.5% and 68.5%,respectively.The increases of F0 and Fm in 63 were greater than those of Liu-2.【Conclusion】Watermelon virescent mutant 63 had low photosynthetic pigment in period Ⅰ,resulting in yellowing of young leaves,and the photosynthetic pigment contents increased significantly in period Ⅱ,led to a gradual change of leaf color from yellow to green，during which its Chl content increased,its light energy capture capacity was enhanced,fluorescence yield increased,and its photosynthetic capacity was finally restored. |
| Key words: watermelon virescent mutant chlorophyll photosynthetic characteristics |
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