| 摘要: |
| 【目的】基于叶片解剖结构对12个杨树无性系进行抗旱能力评价，为杨树新品种选育和资源利用提供理论依据。【方法】以杨树无性系84K、I-101、107、A23、A39、A50、A54、La、Pa、Qg、Ta和Ti的1年生扦插苗成熟叶片为材料，通过常规石蜡切片法制作切片，Motic光学显微镜下观测角质层厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、叶片厚度、主脉厚度、栅栏组织厚度和叶片组织结构紧密度（CTR）等7项抗旱性结构指标，运用单因素方差分析比较各无性系间这7个指标的差异，采用相关性分析评判各指标间的关联程度，运用主成分分析筛选影响抗旱性的主要指标，最后用模糊数学的隶属函数法对 12 个杨树无性系的抗旱性进行综合评价。【结果】12个杨树无性系的7项抗旱性指标之间差异较大，叶片角质层厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、叶片厚度、主脉厚度、栅栏组织厚度和CTR分别为1.94~17.07 μm、5.82~26.23 μm、3.28~18.96 μm、39.62~201.59 μm、496.99~1 712.35 μm、25.53~86.94 μm和27%~66%，变异系数分别为40.11%，49.02%，50.08%，39.13%，32.04%，27.87%和59.09%。相关性分析结果显示，除角质层厚度与上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、主脉厚度、CTR 之间以及下表皮厚度与栅栏组织厚度之间相关性不显著外，其余指标间均呈极显著相关。利用主成分分析筛选出角质层厚度、叶片厚度和 CTR 3个指标为杨树无性系抗旱性评价的主要指标，最后运用隶属函数法得出12个杨树无性系抗旱能力排序为：A50>Qg>Ti>A23>La>107>Ta>A54>I-101>A39>84K>Pa。【结论】叶片解剖结构指标能够较好地反映杨树的抗旱特性，可以作为评价杨树无性系抗旱能力的指标。无性系 A50、Qg、Ti、A23和La抗旱性较强，可作为优良杨树无性系进行推广。 |
| 关键词: 杨树；叶片解剖结构；杨树育种 抗旱性 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目（SQ2016YFNC030041) |
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| Drought resistances analysis of 12 poplar clones based on leaf anatomical structures |
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WANG Yanxia,FAN Junfeng,CHENG Weizhe,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The drought resistances of 12 poplar clones were evaluated based on leaf anatomical structures to provide basis for breeding and resource utilization of new poplar varieties.【Method】The mature leaves of 1 year old cuttings of poplar clones 84K,I-101,107,A23,A39,A50,A54,La,Pa,Qg,Ta and Ti were obtained and 7 drought structural indexes including cuticle thickness,upper epidermis thickness,lower epidermis thickness,leaf thickness,main vein thickness,palisade tissue thickness and leaf tissue structure tightness (CTR) were compared by conventional paraffin sectioning method.Single factor ANOVA was used to investigate the differences of 7 drought indexes,correlation analysis was used to judge the correlation degree among indexes,and principal component analysis was used to screen main indexes affecting drought resistance.Finally,drought resistances of the 12 poplar clones were evaluated by fuzzy mathematics membership function method.【Result】There were differences among 7 drought resistant structural indexes of 12 poplar clones,and the amplitudes of cuticle thickness,upper epidermis thickness,lower epidermis thickness,leaf thickness,main vein thickness,palisade tissue thickness and CTR were 1.94-17.07 μm,5.82-26.23 μm,3.28-18.96 μm,39.62-201.59 μm,496.99-1 712.35 μm,25.53-86.94 μm and 27%-66%,respectively.The coefficients of variation were 40.11%,49.02%,50.08%,39.13%,32.04%,27.87% and 59.09%,respectively.Except there was no significant correlation between cuticle thickness and upper epidermis thickness,lower epidermis thickness,main vein thickness and CTR and between thickness of lower epidermis and palisade tissue,the correlations between other indexes were extremely significant.Cuticle thickness,leaf thickness and CTR were selected by principal component analysis as main indexes.Using membership function method, the drought resistances of the 12 poplar clones were in the order of A50>Qg>Ti>A23>La>107>Ta>A54>I 101>A39>84K>Pa.【Conclusion】The anatomical structure of leaves can reflect drought resistance of poplar and can be used reliably as an evaluation index.A50,Qg,Ti,A23 and La can be used as drought resistant poplar clones for popularization. |
| Key words: poplar leaf anatomical structure poplar breeding drought resistances |
