| 摘要: |
| 【目的】筛选西梅品种法兰西采前落果的相关影响因子，为法兰西采前落果机理研究提供理论参考。【方法】以西梅优良品种法兰西为试验对象，以果实着色情况为依据，在50株试验树东、南、西、北方位的树冠内外和上中下层，分别摘取未着色正常果实（对照，CK）、30%着色果实（T1）、50%着色果实（T2）和80%着色果实（T3）各20个，并捡取掉落时间不到1 d的落果（100%着色，T4）100个，将每个同样着色程度重复的果实充分混匀后，从中随机选取30个果实测定单果鲜质量、果实纵横径、果形指数、果面色差值（L*、a*、b*）等特征参数及果实养分含量等指标，分析法兰西采前果实着色程度与测定指标的相关性，筛选采前落果的主要影响因子。【结果】果面着色程度不同的法兰西单果鲜质量之间差异均不显著；果形指数随落果着色程度加深而呈逐渐增大趋势，其中CK与T4间差异达到显著水平；随法兰西落果着色程度加深，果面色差值L*和b*呈逐渐下降趋势，而a*逐渐升高，果实颜色向黄、红色转变。法兰西采前落果中的全氮（N）、全磷（P）、锰（Mn）、铁（Fe）和硼（B）含量均随采前落果着色程度的加深呈下降趋势，而钾（K）、锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）和硒（Se）含量则随采前落果着色程度加深均呈上升趋势。相关性分析表明，果面色差值a*与果形指数及果实K、Zn、Cu和Se含量间均存在极显著正相关关系，与色差值L*、b*及果实N、P、Mn、Fe和B含量间均存在极显著负相关关系，其中与L*、b*、N、Mn和Fe的相关系数均高于0.9。【结论】法兰西采前落果是果实营养不平衡导致的果实过早衰退而进入成熟期的表现。 |
| 关键词: 西梅 法兰西 采前落果 落果机理 落果因子 |
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| 基金项目:2018年中央财政林业改革发展基金项目“西梅优良品种推广及标准化管理技术示范”(新［2018］TG19) |
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| Factors affecting preharvest fruit drop of French prune (Prunus domestica L.cv.French) |
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MUHTAR Zari,ABDUXUKUR Yakup,MAHMUT Ablat,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The factors affecting preharvest fruit drop of French prune (Prunus domestica L. cv. French) were screened to provide reference for better understanding mechanism of preharvest fruit drop.【Method】An excellent cultivar of Prunus domestica L.“French prune” was used in this study.Based on fruit coloring,20 fruits of each treatment among uncolored normal fruits (CK),30% colored fruits (T1),50% colored fruits (T2) and 80% colored fruits (T3) were collected from upper,middle and lower layers in both inside and outside of east,south,west and north positions of crown of 50 trees.T4 included 100 fruits dropped within 1 day (100% colored).After complete mixing,30 fruits were randomly selected for measuring characteristic parameters of fresh weight,vertical and horizontal diameters,fruit shape index,fruit surface color difference (L*,a* and b*) and fruit nutrient contents.The correlations between preharvest coloration degree and measured indexes were analyzed and main influencing factors were preliminarily screened.【Result】There were no significant differences in fresh weight of single fruit with different colors,and fruit shape index increased gradually with the deepening of coloring degree,among which relationship between CK and T4 was significant.With the deepening of coloring degree,color difference values L* and b* of fruit surface showed a decreasing trend,a* was gradually increasing,and fruit color was tending to yellow and red.Contents of total nitrogen (N),total phosphorus (P),manganese (Mn),iron (Fe) and boron (B) in preharvest drop fruits decreased with the deepening of surface coloring degree,while contents of potassium (K),zinc (Zn),copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) increased.Correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations between a* and fruit shape index as well as contents of K,Zn,Cu and Se.There were extremely significant negative correlations among a* with L*,b* and contents of N,P,Mn,Fe and B,and all correlation coefficients were higher than 0.9 except those with P and B.【Conclusion】The preharvest fruit drop of French prune was a comprehensive phenomenon of premature and early maturity caused by imbalance of fruit nutrition. |
| Key words: Prunus domestica L. French prune preharvest fruit drop mechanism of fruit drop factor of fruit trop |
