| 摘要: |
| 【目的】系统揭示紫果云杉（Picea purpurea）天然种群种实表型分化程度和地理变异规律,为其种质资源保存和遗传改良提供科学依据。【方法】以青海泽库、甘肃天水及四川省若尔盖、九寨沟、阿坝、红原、壤塘、理县、小金和松潘县境内的10个紫果云杉天然种群为研究对象，每个种群选择30个单株，每个单株采集60枚球果，测定其中30枚球果的球果长、球果宽(中央直径)、种鳞长、种鳞宽、种翅长、种翅宽(最宽端)，并计算球果长宽比、种鳞长宽比和种翅长宽比，采用巢式方差分析比较种实表型性状在群体间和群体内单株性状值的差异；通过计算变异系数和分化系数，分析种实表型性状的离散程度和分化程度；采用相关性分析检验各种群种实表型性状间的相关关系，最后依据平均欧氏距离对10个种群进行聚类分析。【结果】紫果云杉9个种实性状在种群间、种群内均存在极显著差异(P＜0.01) ；10个种群各种实表型平均变异系数从大到小依次为：壤塘（29.45%）>阿坝（22.48%）>九寨沟（17.93%）>松潘（17.76%）>红原（17.39%）>小金（17.03%）>泽库（16.48%）>若尔盖（15.66%）>理县（15.10%）>天水（13.95%）；紫果云杉球果、种鳞、种翅的表型分化系数均值分别为46.17%，27.06%和40.42%，变异系数分别为15.11%，19.70%和21.02%，其中以种鳞的变异系数和表型分化系数均相对较小，表明其性状最为稳定；种实表型性状在种群间和种群内均具有丰富的多样性，种群间表型分化系数均值小于种群内变异(62.12%)，为37.88%；除球果宽与种鳞长宽比以及种翅长宽比与球果长宽比、种鳞长、种鳞宽、种鳞长宽比的相关性不显著外，紫果云杉其余种实性状间均呈极显著相关关系；通过聚类分析可以将紫果云杉的10个种群大致划分为3组：壤塘、阿坝和小金种群为一组，天水、理县、若尔盖、松潘、九寨沟和泽库种群为一组，红原种群单独为一组。【结论】紫果云杉种实表型多样性较高，各个性状均存在丰富的遗传变异。 |
| 关键词: 紫果云杉 天然群体 种实性状 表型多样性 |
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| 基金项目:四川省发改委8.8九寨沟地震灾后重建项目“九寨沟县林木种质资源数据库建设”（5132252018000204） |
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| Phenotypic diversity of seeds and fruits characteristics in natural population of Picea purpurea |
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LUO Jianxun,ZHAO Fupei,LIU Shaomou,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The phenotypic differentiation and geographic variation of Picea purpurea natural population were systematically revealed to provide scientific basis for the conservation and genetic improvement of its germplasm resources.【Method】Ten natural populations of P.purpurea in Zeku of Qinghai,Tianshui of Gansu,and Ruoergai,Jiuzhaigou,Aba,Hongyuan,Rangtang,Lixian,Xiaojin and Songpan of Sichuan were studied,and 30 individual plants were selected for each population and 60 cones were collected for each plant.Cone length,cone width (central diameter),seed scale length,seed scale width,seed wing length and seed wing width (widest end) were measured,and ratios of cone length to width,seed scale length to width and seed wing length to width were calculated.The differences in phenotypic traits between and within populations were compared by nested analysis of variance.The dispersion and differentiation of phenotypic traits were analyzed by calculating coefficients of variation and differentiation.Correlation among phenotypic traits of different populations were examined and the Euclidean average distance was used to cluster these populations.【Result】The 9 seed characters of P.purpurea showed significant difference between and within populations (P<0.01).The average coefficients of variation of 10 populations were in the order of Rangtang (29.45%)> Aba (22.48%)> Jiuzhaigou(17.93%) > Songpan (17.76%) > Hongyuan (17.39%)> Xiaojin (17.03%)> Zeku (16.48%)> Ruoergai (15.66%) > Lixian (15.10%) > Tianshui (13.95%).The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficients of spruce cones,species scales and species wings were 46.17%,27.06% and 40.42%,and their coefficients of variation were 15.11% ,19.70% and 21.02%,respectively.The variation coefficient and phenotypic differentiation coefficient of scale were the smallest,indicating that its characters were the most stable.The phenotypic traits of species showed rich diversity both between and within populations, and mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient between populations (37.88%) was smaller than within populations (62.12%).Correlations between ratios of cone width and seed scale length to width,ratios of seed wing length to seed cone length to width,seed scale length,seed scale width and seed scale length to width were insignificant,while correlations between all other treats were very significant.Ten populations can be divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis.The populations of Rangtang,Aba and Xiaojin are one group,Tianshui,Lixian,Ruoergai,Songpan,Jiuzhaigou and Zeku are one group,Hongyuang is one group.【Conclusion】The phenotypic diversity of spruce was high and there were abundant genetic variations in all characters. |
| Key words: Picea purpurea natural population seeds and cones characteristics phenotypic diversity |
