| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确陕西秦岭范围内木本花卉植物的物种组成和县域空间分布格局，从物种多样性角度识别分布热点，进行植物分区，为该地区木本花卉植物的保护研究和开发利用以及园林绿化引种和植物配置提供参考。【方法】通过各类文献资料的整理，参照APG Ⅳ分类系统，编写陕西秦岭木本花卉植物完整名录。以各县（区）行政区划矢量图为基础，统计物种绝对丰富度和限制性丰富度，利用Arcmap 10.2绘制物种水平分布图谱，采用Top 5％丰富度算法和互补算法识别分布热点，利用县域之间的物种相似度进行分区划分。【结果】陕西秦岭共有木本花卉植物71科210属854种，包括120个变种、15个亚种、3个变型，其中以蔷薇科、蔷薇属物种数最多，生活型以灌木为主，花色以白色和黄色为主，且主要在春夏两季开花，果色以红色和黑色为主，且主要在夏秋两季结实。854种木本花卉植物中，有国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生植物19种，陕西省野生保护植物22种，我国特有种38种，陕西特有种18种，被IUCN物种保护等级评为极危（CR）、濒危（EN）、易危（VU）、近危（TN）的物种分别有1，6，19，21种。物种绝对丰富度在各县域分布不均，主要分布在中西部地区，宁陕县最高，临潼区最低；限制性丰富度最高的是安康市汉滨区。通过Top 5％丰富度算法得到宁陕县和太白县2个热点分布县，互补算法得到24个热点分布县（区），两种方法的重叠区域是宁陕县和太白县。利用物种相似度可将研究区域划分为5个区。【结论】陕西秦岭木本花卉植物的物种组成、观赏特性具有多样性，中西部地区是分布热点，能够为当地园林建设提供丰富的绿化植物。部分植物还需要通过野外实地调查来明确其观赏特性和生态习性以补充现有资料的完整性。 |
| 关键词: 陕西秦岭 木本花卉；物种组成；分布格局；生物多样性保护 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:科技部科技基础资源调查专项“新疆天山、陕西秦岭资源环境和生物多样性调查”（2019FY101604）；陕西省林业科学研究重大项目（SHLY-2018-02） |
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| Composition and county-level distribution of woody flowers in Qinling Mountains areas within Shaanxi |
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DONG Chen,JI Wenli
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The species composition and county level spatial distribution patterns of woody flowers in Qinling Mountains areas within Shaanxi were clarified.The hot spots of species distribution were identified from the perspective of species diversity and plant division was carried out to provide basic data for protection,research and development of woody flowers and introduction and plant configuration of landscape greening.【Method】According to document arrangement and APG Ⅳ classification system,a complete list of woody flowers in Qinling Mountains areas within Shaanxi was compiled.Based on the vector map of administrative divisions of counties (districts),the absolute and restricted richness of species in each county was counted.The horizontal distribution map of species was drawn by Arcmap10.2.Top 5% richness algorithm and complementary algorithm were used to identify distribution hotspots,and the species similarity between counties was used to divide regions.【Result】There were 854 species of woody flower plants in 71 families,210 genera,including 120 variants,15 subspecies and 3 forms.Rosaceae and Rosa had the largest number of species,and shrubs were the main forms.The color of flowers was mainly white and yellow with main blooming time in spring and summer.The color of fruits was mainly red and black with main fruits in summer and autumn.There were 19 species in National class Ⅱ key protected wild plants,22 species in protected wild plants in Shaanxi,38 of endemic species in China and 18 endemic species in Shaanxi.The numbers of species rated as critically endangered (CR),endangered (EN),vulnerable (VU) and near threatened (TN) by IUC species protection levels were 1,6,19 and 21,respectively.The absolute species richness of families,genera and species was uneven among counties,mainly in central and western regions.Ningshan had the highest richness,and Lintong had the lowest.Hanbin district had the highest abundance of restricted species.Two hot spots obtained by the Top 5% richness algorithm were Ningshan and Taibai,and 24 hot spots were obtained by complementary algorithm.There were two overlapping regions of Ningshan and Taibai.The study area was divided into five regions by species similarity.【Conclusion】Species composition and ornamental characteristics of woody flowers in Qinling Mountains areas within Shaanxi were diverse.Central and western regions were hot spots to provide abundant greening plants for local garden construction.Field investigation is needed to clarify ornamental characteristics and ecological habits of some plants to supplement the integrity of existing data. |
| Key words: Qinling Mountains areas within Shaanxi woody flowers species composition distribution pattern biodiversity protection |
