| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究长江中下游双季稻区双季稻生长季热量资源时空演变特征及温度适宜度变化规律，为合理调整双季稻种植结构提供重要的理论依据。【方法】基于长江中下游地区均匀分布的87个气象站点逐日平均气温观测资料，运用MATLAB软件统计分析不同站点早稻育秧期起始日序、晚稻安全齐穗期终止日序、双季稻安全生产期、生长季内活动积温以及早晚稻不同发育期温度适宜度时空变化情况，对长江中下游地区双季稻种植适宜性进行专题区划。【结果】长江中下游地区双季早稻适播期越早，晚稻安全齐穗时间越晚，安全生产期越长，活动积温越丰富。整个研究时段内早稻适播期提前，晚稻安全齐穗期相应延迟，安全生产期和活动积温均具有微弱的上升趋势。早稻温度适宜度值随着早稻发育进程的推进逐渐提高，晚稻温度适宜度值随着晚稻生育期的推进呈现相反的趋势；早晚稻温度适宜度都在上升，且早稻温度适宜度上升速度（0.015/10a）快于晚稻（0.004/10a）。双季稻最适宜区主要分布在湖南零陵附近、江西大部分区域以及浙江丽水一带，不适宜区主要位于江苏东北部大部分地区。【结论】气候变暖背景下长江中下游地区双季稻生长季内热量资源发生了明显变化，优化双季稻种植结构和适当调整早晚稻最佳播期，是气候变化背景下提高双季稻生长季气候资源利用率的主要措施。 |
| 关键词: 长江中下游 水稻 热量资源 温度适宜度 |
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| 基金项目:南昌市农业气象重点实验室开放基金项目“江淮一季稻最佳播期指标体系研究与应用”（2019NNZS202）;安徽省气象局面上项目“江淮水稻安全齐穗指标修订与种植结构适应性分析”（KM202005） |
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| Variation characteristics of heat resources and temperature suitability for double cropping rice growing seasons in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River |
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WANG Xuelin,ZENG Kai,LIU Jun,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of heat resources and temperature suitability during the growing season in the double-season rice areas in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River to provide basis for reasonable adjustment planting structure of the double-season rice.【Method】Based on daily meteorological data at 87 sites evenly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River,the starting daily sequence of early rice seedlings,ending daily sequence of late rice full heading,safe production period,10 ℃ active accumulated temperature conditions as well as temporal and spatial changes of temperature suitability in different developmental stages of early and late rice in different sites were analyzed using MATLAB.The thematic regional maps for suitability of double season rice planting were also generated.【Result】Earlier suitable sowing period of double-season early rice led to later full heading time of double-season late rice,longer period of safe production and more activity temperature accumulation.Throughout the study period,the suitable sowing period of early rice was advanced,the corresponding full heading period of late rice was delayed,and the safe production period and active accumulated temperature showed a slightly upward trend.The temperature suitability value of early rice gradually increased along with the development,and that of late rice showed opposite trend.The temperature suitability values of early rice and late rice increased and that of early rice (（0.015/10a) was faster than late rice（0.004/10a）.Most suitable areas were mainly distributed in Lingling of Hunan,most areas of Jiangsu,and Lishui of Zhejiang,while unsuitable areas were mainly located in northeast Jiangsu.【Conclusion】With the changing climate,significant changes in heat resources occurred during the double-season rice growing season.Optimizing planting structure of double-season rice and appropriately adjusting sowing date of early and late rice were main measures for improving utilization of climate resources in the double-season rice growing season. |
| Key words: middle and lower Yangtze rice heat resources temperature suitability |
