| 摘要: |
| 【目的】观察湖北海棠小孢子不同发育时期的花器外部形态及细胞学特征，找出小孢子发育时期与花器外部形态的相关性，为花药或小孢子培养提供细胞学依据。【方法】采摘湖北海棠同一植株固定枝条上大小不同的花蕾作为试验材料，其中一部分取出花药用4′,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚（DAPI）荧光染液染色后压片，用于观察小孢子不同发育时期的细胞学特征变化，另一部分用于观测花蕾和花药的大小及颜色，并建立小孢子发育时期与花蕾外部形态特征的关系。【结果】湖北海棠小孢子发育经历四分体时期、单核早中期、单核靠边期和二胞花粉时期，最终发育为成熟花粉，各时期特征明显。小孢子各发育时期与花蕾大小和花药颜色密切相关，当花蕾纵径为1.45～3.43 mm、花药颜色为深红色时，小孢子处于四分体时期；当花蕾纵径为4.46～6.29 mm、花药为红色时，小孢子绝大多数处于单核早中期；当花蕾纵径在7.14～9.86 mm、花药为粉红色时，小孢子大多进入单核靠边期；当花蕾纵径为10.11～12.19 mm、花药颜色逐渐转变为粉黄色时，小孢子大部分处于二胞花粉时期。【结论】花蕾大小及花药颜色可作为判断小孢子发育时期的依据，据此可便捷地找到适宜时期的小孢子。 |
| 关键词: 湖北海棠 小孢子 发育时期 花器形态 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31301733)；潍坊学院博士基金项目(2012BS19)；国家级大学生创新创业训练项目(2018110-67006)；山东省高等学校科技发展计划项目（J18KA157） |
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| Correlation of microspore development period and floral organ morphology of Malus hupehensis |
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YANG Yanhong,NING Yuansheng,CHEN Junyu,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Through observing the external morphology and cytological characteristics of Malus hupehensis microspores at different developmental periods.The relationship between microspore development and the morphological characteristics of buds was studied to provide evidence for culturing anther and microspore.【Method】The buds of M. hupehensis with different sizes on fixed branches of a plant were picked.One part was stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorescent staining solution to make tablets,which were used to observe the changes of cytological characteristics of microspores at different developmental stages.The rest was observed for size and color of buds and anthers.Then the relationship between microspore development period and external morphological characteristics was established.【Result】The microspore developed through tetrad,early and mid-uninucleate,late uninucleate and bicellular pollen periods,before eventually becoming mature pollen.Each stage had obvious characteristics.The microspore development period of M. hupehensis was closely related with bud size and anther color.In the period of tetrad,the buds were 1.45-3.43 mm in height and the anther were scarlet.In the period of early and mid uninucleate,the buds were 4.46-6.29 mm in height and the anther were red.In the period of late uninucleate,the buds were 7.14-9.86 mm in height and the anthers were pink. In the bicellular pollen period,the buds were 10.11-12.19 mm in height and the anthers were yellow.【Conclusion】The size of flower buds and color of anthers can be used as a basis for judging the development period of microspores.Based on this, the microspores at suitable periods can be easily found. |
| Key words: Malus hupehensis microspore development stage floral organ morphology |
