| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究外施苹果酸对紫色小白菜生长、生理与品质的影响，筛选最适的外施苹果酸质量浓度，为紫色小白菜的优质培育以及高产栽培奠定理论基础。【方法】以‘京研’紫色小白菜为试验材料，采用水培技术，设置外施苹果酸0 mg/L（对照,CK）、0.5 mg/L（T1）、1.5 mg/L（T2）、3.0 mg/L（T3）、5.0 mg/L（T4）、10.0 mg/L（T5）共6个处理，研究不同质量浓度外施苹果酸对紫色小白菜叶片和根系形态学指标、根系显微结构及相关品质指标的影响。【结果】（1）随苹果酸质量浓度的增大，紫色小白菜叶片和根系形态指标均呈现先上升后下降的趋势，其中T1、T2处理显著优于对照，叶片表面积、体积较大，且可促进植株根系增长、面积增大、侧根增粗，而T5处理因苹果酸质量浓度过高阻碍了根系伸展。（2）根系显微结构观察发现，T1、T2、T3处理紫色小白菜新生侧根根尖1 cm处直径均显著高于对照，维管束和木质部区域直径增大，有助于运输更多的营养物质和水分。T5处理根系皮层细胞层数较少，细胞体积较大且排列疏松。（3）紫色小白菜叶片可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量随处理时间延长逐渐增高，随苹果酸质量浓度的增大呈先上升后下降的趋势，以T2处理最优。紫色小白菜叶片可溶性糖和总有机酸含量9 d时整体下降，且随苹果酸质量浓度的增大呈先上升后下降趋势，T1、T2处理显著高于对照。（4）苹果酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸和酒石酸含量随苹果酸质量浓度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势，而柠檬酸含量呈先下降后上升的趋势。T1、T2、T3处理苹果酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸含量较高，对照、T4、T5处理柠檬酸含量较高。【结论】外施苹果酸能够影响紫色小白菜的生长及生理状况，施用适宜质量浓度（1.5 mg/L）的苹果酸可有效促进紫色小白菜地上部和根系生长，提高苹果酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸含量，提升植株营养品质。 |
| 关键词: 紫色小白菜 有机酸肥料 苹果酸 品质指标 |
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| 基金项目:福州市科技项目（2017-PT-113）；福建省高等学校新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目（KLa17011A）；福建省科技重大专项专题（2018NZ0002-2） |
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| Effect of malic acid on growth,physiology and quality of purple cabbage |
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CHEN Lu,LI Jiaming,WANG Shubin,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study explored the effects of malic acid on growth physiology and quality of purple cabbage to screen the optimal concentration of malic acid so as to provide foundation for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of purple cabbage.【Method】‘Jingyan’purple cabbage was selected for planting using hydroponic technique.A total of 6 treatments with malic acid concentrations of 0 mg/L(CK),0.5 mg/L(T1),1.5 mg/L(T2),3.0 mg/L(T3),5.0 mg/L(T4) and 10.0 mg/L(T5) were used to understand the effects of malic acid on leaf and root morphology, root microstructure and related quality indexes of purple cabbage.【Result】(1) With the increase of malic acid concentration, the leaf and root morphological indexes of purple cabbage showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.T1 and T2 treatments were significantly better than the control.The surface area and volume of leaves were larger in comparison with the control and the root growth of the plants was increased.The area was increased and the lateral roots were thickened.However,the excessive concentration of malic acid in the T5 treatment hindered root extension.(2) The root microstructure observation showed that the diameters of 1 cm at the root tip of new roots of T1,T2 and T3 treatments were higher than that of the control,and the diameters of the vascular bundle and xylem increased,transporting more nutrients and water.The number of layers of root cortical cells treated by T5 was small,the cell volume was large,and the arrangement was loose.(3) The contents of soluble protein and vitamin C increased with the treatment time,and they increased first followed by decrease with the increase of malic acid concentration.The soluble sugar and total organic acid contents decreased overall on the 9th day.With the increase of malic acid concentration,they increased first and then decreased,and T1 and T2 treatments were significantly higher than CK.(4) The contents of malic acid,malonic acid,succinic acid and tartaric acid increased first followed by decrease with the increase of malic acid concentration,and negatively correlated with citric acid content.T1,T2 and T3 treatments had higher malic acid,malonic acid and succinic acid contents while T4 and T5 treatments had higher citric acid content.【Conclusion】The application of malic acid affected the growth and physiological status of purple cabbage.The suitable concentration (1.5 mg/L) of malic acid effectively promoted the growth of above ground part and roots of purple cabbage,increased the contents of malic acid, malonic acid and succinic acid,and improved the nutritional quality. |
| Key words: purple cabbage organic acid fertilizer malic acid quality indicators |
