| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究生物有机肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤养分和真菌群落特征的影响，为新型生物有机肥的合理应用与烤烟科学施肥提供依据。【方法】2017年4-10月在攀枝花市米易县新山乡中山村进行田间小区试验，试验共设置4个处理：生物有机肥+常规用量化肥（对照，CNA0）、生物有机肥+95%常规用量化肥（CNA1）、生物有机肥+90%常规用量化肥（CNA2）、生物有机肥+80%常规用量化肥（CNA3），每个处理重复3次。分别采集各处理烤烟成熟期土壤，通过化学分析和高通量测序分别测定其养分含量和真菌群落组成与丰度，并对不同处理植烟土壤化学性质与真菌优势类群进行相关性分析。【结果】与对照CNA0相比，CNA1、CNA2和CNA3处理植烟土壤的pH均略有下降；植烟土壤有机质和有效磷含量均以CNA2处理最高，较对照分别增加了30.15%，35.17%；碱解氮和速效钾含量分别以CNA1和CNA0处理最高；所有处理的全氮含量为1.24~1.41 g/kg，仅CNA3与CNA0处理间的差异达到显著水平（P<0.05）。高通量测序结果显示，植烟土壤真菌群落丰富度和多样性均以CNA1处理最低，其Chao1和Shannon丰富度指数相较对照分别降低了32.75%和32.46%。不同处理植烟土壤真菌群落的优势菌门均为子囊菌门和接合菌门，CNA1处理的接合菌门丰度是对照的2.53倍。优势菌属分别为被孢霉属、假裸囊菌属和腐质霉属，其中被孢霉属在CNA1处理中相对丰度最高，是对照处理的2.54倍。相关性分析表明，速效钾含量是影响植烟土壤真菌群落的主要环境因子。【结论】生物有机肥与95%常规用量化肥（减施化肥5%处理）配施时，植烟土壤pH适中，有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量充足，真菌丰富度和多样性均较低，可维持土壤微生态平衡，有效控制烤烟土传病害。 |
| 关键词: 生物有机肥 植烟土壤 土壤养分 真菌群落 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:四川省烟草公司重点科技项目（SCYC201705，SCYC201803）；攀枝花市烟草公司科技项目（2016006） |
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| Effects of bio organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on nutrients and fungal community characteristics in tobacco-growing soil |
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ZHANG Ruiping,GOU Xiaomei,ZHANG Yi,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The effects of combined application of bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on nutrient and fungal community characteristics of tobacco-growing soil were studied to provide basis for rational application of new bio-organic fertilizer and scientific fertilization of flue cured tobacco.【Method】A field plot experiment was conducted in Zhongshan Village,Xinshan Township,Miyi County of Panzhihua City from April to October 2017.Four treatments were set up including CNA0 (control, bio organic fertilizer + conventional amount of chemical fertilizer),CNA1 (bio-organic fertilizer + 95% of chemical fertilizer conventional amount),CNA2 (bio organic fertilizer + 90% of chemical fertilizer conventional amount),and CNA3 (bio-organic fertilizer + 80% of chemical fertilizer conventional amount).Each treatment was repeated three times,and the soils at maturity stage of flue-cured tobacco were collected.Chemical analysis and Illumina MiSeq high throughput sequencing were used to evaluate the soil nutrient contents and fungal community composition.The correlation between chemical properties of tobacco-growing soils and dominant fungal groups was also analyzed.【Result】Soil pH of CNA1,CNA2 and CNA3 treatments decreased slightly compared with the control (CNA0).The contents of organic matter and available phosphorus were the highest in CNA2,which were increased by 30.15% and 35.17% compared with the control,respectively.The highest concentrations of available potassium and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen were in CNA1 and CNA0 treatments,respectively.The total nitrogen content of all treatments was 1.24-1.41 g/kg,and only the difference between CNA3 and CNA0 was significant (P<0.05).The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the richness and diversity of fungal community in tobacco growing soils were the lowest in CNA1.Compared with the control,the Chao 1 and Shannon indices decreased by 32.75%,32.46%,respectively.Ascomycetes and Zygomycota were the dominant fungi phyla in tobacco growing soils under different treatments.The abundance of Zygomycota in CNA1 treatment was 2.53 times higher than that of the control.The dominant fungi genera were Mortierella,Pseudogymnoascus and Humicola.Among them,Pseudogymnoascus had the highest abundance in CNA1,which was 2.54 times higher than that of the control.Correlation analysis showed that soil available potassium was the main environmental factor affecting fungal community in tobacco-growing soils.【Conclusion】When bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer at 95% of conventional amount were applied together (5% chemical fertilizer reduction),the tobacco growing soil pH was moderate,the contents of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium were sufficient,and the richness and diversity of fungi were low.This treatment could maintain the microecological balance of soil and effectively control soil-borne diseases of flue-cured tobacco. |
| Key words: bio-organic fertilizer tobacco-growing soil nutrition of soil fungi community |
