| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究水分供应量及灌溉方式互作下花榈木容器苗的生长、生理生化变化及节水节肥效应，探讨花榈木容器苗最佳水分供应量及灌溉方式。【方法】以花榈木幼苗为研究对象，采用双因素随机区组设计，供水量设置80％，70％和60％田间持水量3个水平，供水方式设上方喷灌和底部渗灌2种方式，共6个处理，养分按照不同苗龄最适需求量进行供应，进行为期11个月的试验，测定不同处理下花榈木容器苗地上和地下部分的生长情况、生物量，叶片的叶绿素、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量，以及育苗基质的电导率（EC）和基质养分流失量，并分析各处理的用水量。【结果】不同供水水平下，2种灌溉方式花榈木容器苗的生长情况及生理生化指标均以80％田间持水量处理表现最优，其苗高、地径、叶面积、总生物量和叶绿素含量的平均值较60％田间持水量处理分别高21.14％，22.34％，18.20％，48.22％和39.26%；在60%和70%田间持水量梯度下，幼苗因遭受水分胁迫，其叶片脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量明显高于80％田间持水量处理，且上方喷灌方式的脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量均明显大于底部渗灌。在上方喷灌条件下，80％田间持水量处理的苗木侧根数、根表面积、根体积、根平均直径及根尖数分别为60％田间持水量处理的2.320，2.287，2.304，2.477和1.829倍；底部渗灌条件下分别为2.208，2.214，2.398，2.474和1.771倍。在80%田间持水量下，花榈木容器苗生理生化指标受灌溉方式的影响较小；但在60％田间持水量下，上方喷灌明显阻碍了花榈木容器苗的正常生理作用。在70%和80%田间持水量下，底部渗灌方式的上层基质EC明显高于上方喷灌，但苗木并未受到伤害；当水分供应量处于60%田间持水量时，灌溉方式对育苗基质EC的影响不明显。与上方喷灌相比，3种供水水平下底部渗灌处理节省的N、P、K、S、Ca、Mg分别为（23.253～35.966）、（8.672～17.571）、（16.622～24.133）、（0.296～0.414）、（3.733～6.706）和（1.004～2.675）mg/株，节约用水8.6％～34.3％。【结论】从提高容器苗质量及节水节肥效应考虑，花榈木容器苗培育供水量以80％田间持水量最佳，灌溉方式以底部渗灌较好,营养供应采用分苗龄定量供给。 |
| 关键词: 花榈木 容器苗 供水量 灌溉方式 节水节肥效应 |
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| 基金项目:贵州高层次创新人才培养计划项目 百层次人才（黔科合平台人才【2016】5661）；贵州省国际合作项目“珍贵用材树种花榈木精准化容器育苗理论与技术研究”（黔科合外G字［2012］7012号） |
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| Effects of water supply and irrigation method on growth,water saving and fertilizer saving of Ormosia henryi seedlings in container |
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JANG Shunbang,WEI Xiaoli
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The effect of water supply and irrigation method on growth,physiological and biochemical indexes as well as water and fertilizer savings of O. henryi seedlings in container were studied to determine optimal water supply and irrigation method.【Method】O. henryi seedlings were treated with three irrigation gradients of 80％,70％ and 60％ of field capacity and two irrigation methods of sub-irrigation and top-sprinkler irrigation under two-factor randomized block design.The nutrition supply was determined according to the optimum demand at different seedling ages and the experiment last for 11 months.The growth of aboveground and belowground,biomass，contents of chlorophyll，proline and soluble sugar,conductivity,and nutrition loss of substrate under different treatments were determined and analyzed.【Result】Both growth and physiological biochemical indexes of O. henrvi seedlings in container were best under the 80％ treatment,and the average seedling height,ground diameter,leaf area,total biomass and chlorophyll content were 21.14%,22.34%,18.20%,48.22% and 39.26% higher than those in the 60% treatment.The proline and soluble sugar contents of seedlings under 60% and 70% treatments were significantly higher than that in 80% treatment due to water stress and that in top-sprinkler irrigation treatments were much higher than in sub irrigation treatments.The lateral root number,root surface area,root volume,root average diameter and root tip number of seedlings in 80% treatment were 2.320,2.287,2.304,2.477 and 1.829 times of those treated with 60% field capacity, respectively.The root indexes of 80% treatment under sub irrigation were 2.208,2.214,2.398,2.474 and 1.771 times of that in 60% treatment,respectively.In 80% treatments,the effects of irrigation methods were small,while top irrigation hindered normal physiological function of seedlings in 60％ treatments.In 70% and 80% treatments,the medium values of EC at middle and top of container in sub irrigation were remarkably higher than in top-irrigation,but seedlings had no injuries.In 60% treatment,irrigation methods had no significant effect on EC.Compared with top-irrigation,three sub-irrigation treatments saved N,P,K,Ca and Mg by （23.253-35.966）,（8.672-17.571）,（16.662-24.133）,（0.296-0.414）,（3.733-6.706）,and（1.004-2.675）mg per seedling,and they saved water by 8.6％-34.3％.【Conclusion】Considering improvement of seedling quality and savings of water and nutrition,80％ field capacity,sub irrigation and quantitative supply of nutrition according to seedling age were recommended. |
| Key words: Ormosia henrvi containerized seedlings water supply irrigation methods save water and fertilizer |
