| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析塔里木河上游典型绿洲土地利用类型的分布特征，为塔里木河上游合理规划绿洲土地资源利用、促进区域可持续发展及生态环境保护提供科学依据，同时也为全球变化及陆表过程模拟提供有价值的小尺度空间信息数据。【方法】基于RS和GIS技术，以位于塔里木河上游的阿克苏绿洲为研究对象，以1990，2002，2008，2017年4期遥感影像为数据源，系统分析了研究区4个时期6种土地利用类型的变化及其景观格局演变。【结果】1990-2017年阿克苏绿洲耕地和建设用地面积逐年增加，草地和未利用地面积逐年递减，林地面积呈先减少后增加趋势，水域面积呈先增加后减少趋势。土地利用类型单一动态度由大到小依次为建设用地>耕地>林地>未利用地>水域>草地。1990-2017年，研究区土地利用类型均呈现不同程度的相互转化，其中耕地面积增幅最大，且主要由林地和草地转化而来；建设用地增幅次之，主要由未利用地转化而来。通过空间重心转移分析发现，重心迁移距离依次为耕地、林地、未利用地、草地、建设用地、水域。1990-2017年，阿克苏绿洲斑块个数、斑块密度、边缘密度、景观形状指数、蔓延度指数、香农均匀度指数总体呈下降趋势；聚合度指数、最大斑块指数、香农多样性指数总体则呈上升趋势。【结论】1990-2017年阿克苏绿洲耕地和建设用地面积呈增加趋势，其中耕地面积增幅最大且重心迁移距离最大，其他土地利用类型趋势与之相反；总体而言阿克苏绿洲景观格局的破碎化程度降低。 |
| 关键词: 塔里木河 绿洲 土地利用 时空格局 |
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| 基金项目:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项"泛第三极环境变化与绿色丝绸之路建设"（XDA20040400）；新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划面上项目(XJEDU2017M007) |
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| Temporal and spatial pattern analysis of land use in typical oasis in the upper reaches of the Tarim River |
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SUN Chen,GONG Lu,MA Yonggang,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The distribution characteristics of land use types in typical oasis in the upper reaches of the Tarim River were analyzed to provide basis for rational planning of oasis land resources,promotion of regional sustainable development and ecological environment protection as well as to provide valuable small-scale spatial information for global change and land surface process simulation.【Method】Based on RS and GIS technology,remote sensing images of typical oasis in the upper reaches of the Tarim River in 1990,2002,2008 and 2017 were used to statistically analyze the changes of six land use types in the four periods and the evolution of landscape patterns.【Result】From 1990 to 2017,the land use area of the Aksu Oasis was mainly represented by increasing cultivated land and construction land and decreasing grassland and unused land.The area of woodland decreased first and then increased,and the trend of water area was opposite.The dynamic changes of land use were in the order of construction land > cultivated land > woodland > unused land > water area > grassland.The land use types in the research area showed different degrees of mutual transformation,among which the cultivated land area increased the most mainly from woodland and grassland,followed by construction land mainly from the conversion of unused land.The distances of gravity migration were in the decreasing order of cultivated land,woodland,unused land,grassland,construction land and water area.The number of plaques,plaque density,margin density,landscape shape index,contagion index and Shannon’s uniformity index of Aksu Oasis showed a downward trend,while the aggregation index,largest patch index,and Shannon’s diversity index showed an upward trend.【Conclusion】From 1990 to 2017,the areas of cultivated land and construction land in Aksu Oasis increased while other land types decreased.The area of cultivated land increased the most and the distance of gravity migration was the largest.Overall,the fragmentation degree of Aksu Oasis decreased. |
| Key words: Tarim River oasis land use spatio-temporal pattern |
