| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究元宝枫果实发育形态特征以及内含物的动态变化，探索元宝枫果实的生长动态及品质形成规律，为元宝枫的施肥和油脂品质改善以及果实的最佳采收期确定提供科学依据。【方法】2018年4-10月，以北京地区广泛栽培的10年生元宝枫为试材，对果实性状，氮磷钾、可溶性糖、蛋白含量、含油率以及脂肪酸组分进行了测定，并分析脂肪酸、各营养物质以及气温之间的相关性。【结果】元宝枫果实发育过程分为5个阶段，分别为子房膨大期、果翅形成期、种皮生长期、子叶膨大期、子叶硬化期。元宝枫果实生长初期氮磷钾含量快速降低，之后总体趋于稳定。在果实发育过程中，种仁含油率呈先增加后下降趋势，在元宝枫果实子叶硬化期中期（花后192 d），含油率达最高值。元宝枫脂肪酸中，油酸、亚油酸、芥酸含量均较高。花后124～185 d，随着时间的延长，果皮蛋白质含量下降，而种仁蛋白质含量上升，种仁可溶性糖含量下降。种仁中神经酸与可溶性糖呈极显著负相关关系，与含油率、蛋白质和芥酸呈极显著正相关关系，可溶性糖与油脂和蛋白质均呈极显著负相关关系。日均气温与蛋白质、含油率均呈极显著负相关关系，与油酸和可溶性糖之间均呈极显著正相关关系。【结论】元宝枫果实的营养物质变化与果实品质密切相关；为改善元宝枫油脂品质，需在树体萌芽前追施氮磷钾混合肥，子叶膨大期前追施氮肥；子叶硬化期为果实最佳采收时间。 |
| 关键词: 元宝枫 果实发育 油脂品质 采收时间 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（2015ZCQ-LX-02）；中国石油科技项目（100411-15） |
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| Development and quality formation of Acer truncatum Bunge fruit |
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LIU Xiaoling,LI Chao,FENG Yi,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The development and morphological characteristics of fruits and dynamic changes in contents of chemicals in Acer truncatum Bunge fruit were studied to provide basis for fertilization and improvement of oil quality of Acer truncatum Bunge and determination of optimal harvest period.【Method】Ten-year-old Acer truncatum Bunge trees,widely cultivated in Beijing,were selected for tests from April to October,2018.Fruit characters,contents of nitrogenous,phosphorous and potassium,soluble sugar,protein and fat content,and composition of fatty acids were measured.The correlations between fatty acids，nutrients and temperature were also analyzed.【Results】The fruit development of Acer truncatum Bunge can be divided into five stages of ovary expansion stage,fruit wing formation stage,seed kernel growth stage,cotyledon expansion stage and cotyledon hardening stage.The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of Acer truncatum Bunge decreased rapidly to steady status in the early growth stage.The oil content in kernels increased first and then decreased during fruit development with the highest in the middle of hardening stage (192 days after flowering).The contents of oleic acid,linoleic acid and erucic acid among fatty acids of Acer truncatum were high.From 124 to 185 days after flowering,the protein content in kernels increased,while the protein content in pericarp and soluble sugar content in kernels decreased.Nervonic acid was negatively correlated with soluble sugar and positively correlated with protein,and soluble sugar was negatively correlated with oil and protein in kernels.The average daily temperature was significantly negatively correlated with protein and oil content,and positively correlated with oleic acid and soluble sugar.【Conclusion】The changes of nutrients were closely related to quality of Acer truncatum fruits.Applying compost of nitrogenous,phosphorous and potassium before tree germination and top dressing nitrogen fertilizer before the cotyledon expansion could improve the fruit quality.The cotyledon sclerosis stage was the best harvesting time of Acer truncatum. |
| Key words: Acer truncatum Bunge fruit development oil quality harvest period |
