| 摘要: |
| 【目的】针对免耕条件下玉米播种施肥时，采用自然回土方式存在的种肥间距不稳定、种子覆土量不足等问题，采用主动覆土方法，设计一种基于双圆盘覆土的种肥分施装置。【方法】设计基于双圆盘覆土的种肥分施装置，利用EDEM对该装置的作业性能进行离散元仿真，研究圆盘直径、圆盘入土深度、圆盘张角、排种管前后间距及圆盘后方开口间距对种肥间距和种子覆土厚度的影响，并在此基础上选取圆盘直径（150，175，200，225，250 mm）、排种管前后间距（60，80，100，120，140 mm）及圆盘后方开口间距（110，135，160，185，210 mm）为试验因素，利用3因素5水平二次正交回归试验，分析各关键因素对种子覆土厚度的影响。与不加覆土圆盘的装置进行田间对比试验，对基于双圆盘覆土的种肥分施装置作业效果进行验证。【结果】利用Design-Expert软件得出了影响种子覆土厚度的主次因素:圆盘后方开口间距、排种管前后间距、圆盘直径；最优组合是圆盘直径201 mm，圆盘后方开口间距103 mm，排种管前后间距115 mm。田间试验表明，设计的装置种肥间距与种子覆土厚度与仿真优化结果的相对误差分别为7.63%和11.45%；设计的装置种肥间距和种子覆土厚度较不加覆土圆盘的装置分别增加了14.30%和19.30%，种肥间距与种子覆土厚度的变异系数分别为5.21%和7.26%。【结论】所设计的基于双圆盘覆土的种肥分施装置作业效果满足种肥分施要求，为后续种肥分施技术与装置的研发提供了依据。 |
| 关键词: 种肥分施装置 主动覆土 双圆盘 离散元仿真 种肥间距 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划子课题（2016YFD0200601，2016YFD020060101）；陕西省重点产业链项目（2018ZDCXL-NY-03-06） |
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| Design and test of seed and fertilizer separate device based on double disc covering soil |
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BAI Lu,HUANG Yuxiang,GAO Pengyang,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Aiming to solve the problems of unstable seed spacing and insufficient soil cover in corn seeding and fertilization under no-tillage conditions,this study used the active soil-covering method to design a seed and fertilizer separate device based on double-disc soil.【Method】Design the seed and fertilizer separate device based on doubledisc soil covering.The discrete element simulation on the performance of the device was carried out by EDEM and the influences of disc diameter,disc depth,disc opening angle,spacing before and after the tube,disc rear opening space on seed and fertilizer spacing as well as seed cover soil thickness were analyzed.Then,the disc diameter (150,175,200,225,250 mm),spacing before and after the tube (60,80,100, 120,140 mm) and disc rear opening space (110,135,160,185,210 mm) were chosen as influencing factors and seed cover soil thickness was analyzed based 3 by 5 quadratic orthogonal regression test.Finally,a field comparison test was carried out with a device without a soil-covered disc as control to verify the operation effect of the device for fertilizer and seed separate application based on double disc covering soil.【Result】The Design-Expert software obtained the factors affecting seed cover soil thickness were in the order of the disc rear opening space,spacing before and after the tube,and disc diameter.The best parameter combination was disc diameter 201 mm,disc rear opening space 103 mm and spacing before and after the tube 115 mm.Field experiments showed that the relative errors of seed and fertilizer spacing and seed cover soil thickness with simulation optimization results were 7.63% and 11.45%,respectively.Compared with the device without soil cover disc,the seed and fertilizer spacing and seed cover soil thickness were increased 14.30% and 19.30% compared with the device without soil cover disc,and the variation coefficients of seed and fertilizer spacing and seed cover soil thickness were 5.21% and 7.26%,respectively.【Conclusion】The established device meets work requirement and provides a basis for the development of fertilizer and seed separate application techniques and devices. |
| Key words: seed and fertilizer separate device active soil-covering double-disc discrete element simulation seed and fertilizer spacing |
