| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究碱性肥料与生防放线菌制剂配合施用对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果，为大田香蕉枯萎病的防治提供依据。【方法】以酸性土壤和微碱性滩涂土壤为试验对象，每种土壤设置常规肥料(CCF，CK)、碱性肥料（AF）、常规肥料+放线菌制剂（CCF+Act）、碱性肥料+放线菌制剂（AF+Act）4个处理，通过盆栽试验，研究不同处理对香蕉枯萎病病情指数、香蕉生物量、土壤pH、土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响及香蕉枯萎病病情指数与土壤微生物、土壤酶活性的相关性。【结果】①酸性土壤和微碱性滩涂土壤中均以常规肥料处理(CCF，CK)的香蕉枯萎病病情指数最高，碱性肥料和放线菌制剂配施 (AF+Act)的病情指数最低，分别较CCF(CK)降低了46.71%和33.21%，且碱性肥料和放线菌制剂配施能显著促进香蕉株高的增长和地上部、根系干质量的积累。②在酸性土壤中，AF+Act处理土壤细菌和放线菌数量较CCF(CK)分别增加了114.9%和153.9% (P＜0.05)，真菌数量减少了42.3% (P＜0.05)，细菌、放线菌与真菌数量比分别增加了2.72和3.37倍；在微碱性土壤中，AF+Act处理土壤细菌和放线菌数量分别较CCF(CK)增加了37.0%和13.0% (P＜0.05)，真菌数量减少了57.7% (P＜0.05)，细菌、放线菌与真菌数量比分别增加了2.90和2.24倍。③在酸性土壤中，AF+Act处理土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和脱氢酶活性较CCF(CK)分别增加了31.56%，38.79%，6.88%和37.52% (P＜0.05)；在微碱性土壤中，AF+Act处理土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和脱氢酶活性较CCF(CK)分别增加了20.02%，44.35%，6.63%和163.33% (P＜0.05)。④无论在酸性土壤还是微碱性滩涂土壤中，香蕉枯萎病病情指数与细菌/真菌值、放线菌/真菌值、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性均呈显著负相关。【结论】碱性肥料和放线菌制剂配施可以优化香蕉根际土壤微生物结构，提高土壤酶活性，促进香蕉生长，增强香蕉的抗病性。 |
| 关键词: 碱性肥料 放线菌制剂 香蕉枯萎病 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0201101）；国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（nycytx-33-07）；广东高校环境友好型肥料工程技术研究中心建设项目（CCZXA100）；“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目（2011BAD11B04）；国家自然科学基金项目（31071857，30871594） |
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| Preventing effects of combined application of alkaline fertilizer and biocontrol actinomyces agent on banana Fusarium wilt |
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GUI Sha,LIU Fang,FAN Xiaolin
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study explored the effects of combined application of alkaline fertilizer and biocontrol actinomyces agent on preventing banana Fusarium wilt to provide experimental basis for field control of banana Fusarium wilt.【Method】Acid soil and slightly alkaline beach soil were selected and each soil type had four treatments including conventional fertilizer (CCF,CK),alkaline fertilizer (AF),combined application of conventional fertilizer and actinomyces agent (CCF+Act),and combined application of alkaline fertilizer and actinomyces agent (AF+Act).Effects of alkaline fertilizer and biocontrol actinomyces agent on disease index of banana Fusarium wilt,banana biomass,soil pH level,soil microbial quantity and soil enzyme activities were studied by pot cultural experiments.The correlations between disease index and soil microbial quantity and soil enzyme activities were also studied.【Result】① CCF(CK) treatment had the highest disease index in both acid soil and slightly alkaline soil.The disease index of AF+Act was decreased by 46.71% and 33.21% when compared with CCF (CK).AF+Act treatment also showed significant promoting effect on banana growth.② In acid soil,compared to CCF (CK),the bacteria and actinomyces quantities of AF+Act increased significantly by 114.9% and 153.9% (P＜0.05),fungi quantity significantly decreased by 42.3% (P＜0.05), while bacteria/fungi and actinomyces/fungi increased by 2.72 and 3.37 times,respectively.In alkaline soil,compared to CCF (CK), the bacteria and actinomyce quantities of AF+Act increased significantly by 37.0% and 13.0% (P＜0.05),fungi quantity significantly decreased by 57.7% (P＜0.05),while bacteria/fungi and actinomyces/fungi increased by 2.90 and 2.24 times,respectively. ③ In acid soil,compared to CCF (CK),the urease,invertase,acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities of AF+Act significantly increased by 31.56%,38.79%,6.88% and 37.52% (P＜0.05),respectively.In slightly alkaline soil,compared to CCF (CK),the urease,invertase,alkalinephosphatase and dehydrogenase activities of AF+Act significantly increased by 20.02%,44.35%,6.63% and 163.33% (P＜0.05),respectively.④ The disease index was significantly negative correlative to bacteria/fungi,actinomyces/fungi,urease and invertase in both acid and slightly alkaline soils.【Conclusion】Combined application of alkaline fertilizer and biocontrol actinomyces agent optimized soil microbial structure,improved soil enzyme activities,promoted the growth of banana, and thus strengthened the resistance of banana to disease. |
| Key words: alkaline fertilizer actinomyces agent Fusarium wilt of banana soil microbial soil enzyme activity |
