| 摘要: |
| 【目的】系统研究玉米光合生理特性和产量、水分利用特性对灌溉的响应，为吉林省西部半干旱地区提供有效的灌溉方式。【方法】2016-2017年，采用2年的大田试验，以华农887和先玉335为供试品种，设置T1、T2、T3和CK 4个灌溉处理，其玉米生育期内灌溉定额分别为200，120，40和0 mm，研究灌溉定额对玉米不同时期叶片光合特性、叶绿素荧光特性和产量及产量形成因素、水分利用特性的影响。【结果】T1处理2个玉米品种叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、气孔导度（Gs）和表观叶肉导度（AMC）在玉米4个发育时期中均显著高于CK,气孔限制值（Ls）均呈CK＞T3＞T2＞T1的变化趋势。T1处理的光系统Ⅱ的最大光合效率（Fv/Fm）、光系统Ⅱ的实际光合效率（ΦPSⅡ）在灌浆期和乳熟期中均显著高于CK；T1处理的光化学猝灭（qP）显著性高于CK，非光化学猝灭（NPQ）在灌浆期和乳熟期显著性低于CK。T1与T2处理间叶片光合特性和叶绿素荧光特性均无显著差异。灌溉定额条件下，2个玉米品种的产量、百粒质量显著高于CK。各灌溉处理玉米的耗水量表现为T1＞T2＞T3＞CK；T2处理的水分利用效率（WUE）最高，华农887和先玉335 2个玉米品种在2016年分别达到26.69和29.11 kg/(mm·hm2)，2017年分别达到33.29和26.41 kg/(mm·hm2)。【结论】在吉林省半干旱区水分是限制玉米产量形成的重要因素，有效灌溉保持了叶片较旺盛的光合生理代谢水平，为其干物质生产奠定了生理基础，在生育期内灌溉定额为120 mm时，其产量、水分利用效率和光合生理特性均表现最佳，120 mm为吉林省西部半干旱地区的最佳灌溉定额。 |
| 关键词: 玉米生理 灌溉定额 光合特性 叶绿素荧光特性 半干旱地区 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0201205） |
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| Effects of irrigation quota on growth of spring maize with drip irrigation in semi-arid region |
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XU Chen,LI Qian,ZHAO Hongxiang,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The responses of maize photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield,water utilization to irrigation were studied systematically to provide an effective irrigation method for semi-arid areas in western Jilin.【Method】The two years field experiment was carried out during 2016-2017 with test maize varieties of Huanong 887 and Xianyu 335.The irrigation quota in the growth stage was set to four levels of 200 mm （T1）,120 mm （T2）,40 mm （T3） and 0 mm (CK).Effects of irrigation quota on maize leaf photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,yield and yield formation factors,water utilization characteristics,at different periods were analyzed.【Result】The net photosynthetic rate (Pn),stomatal conductance (Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and apparent mesophyll conductance (AMC) in maize leaves of T1 were significantly increased in four growth periods compared with CK.The stomatal limit value (Ls) was in the order of CK>T3>T2>T1.Compared with CK,PSⅡ maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) and actual photosynthetic efficiency of PSⅡ (ΦPSⅡ) of T1 were significantly increased in filling and milk ripe stages.The photochemical quenching (qP) of T1 treatment was significantly increased and the non photochemical quenching (NPQ) was significantly decreased in filling and milk ripe stages compared with CK.There was no significant difference in photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of leaves between T1 and T2.The yields and hundred grain weights of two maize varieties were all significantly increased in T1 and T2 compared with CK under the irrigation quota conditions.With the increase of irrigation quota,water consumption (ET) of maize showed a trend of T1>T2>T3>CK.The water utilization efficiency (WUE) of T2 was the highest.The WUE of Huannong 887 and Xianyu 335 reached 26.69 kg/(mm·hm2) and 29.11 kg/(mm·hm2) in 2016 and 33.29 and 26.41 kg/(mm·hm2) in 2017.【Conclusion】Water is an important factor restricting maize yield,and effective irrigation keeps the physiological metabolism level of photosynthetic leaves and lays physiological foundation for material production.When the irrigation quota of 120 mm was fixed during the breeding period,the yield,water utilization efficiency and photosynthetic physiological characteristics were the best.It is concluded that 120 mm is the best irrigation quota in the western semi-arid area of Jilin Province. |
| Key words: maize physiology irrigation quota photosynthetic characteristics chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics semi-arid region |
