| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨植物生长延缓剂对板栗幼树枝条生长、叶片生长发育及生理特性的影响，以明确其对板栗幼树适宜的调控质量浓度及作用效果。【方法】以板栗品种‘燕山早丰’(Castanea mollissima ‘Yanshanzaofeng’)为试验材料，使用质量浓度分别为100，200，300 mg/L的多效唑（PP333），100，200，300 mg/L的矮壮素（CCC）及30，60，90 mg/L的烯效唑（S3307）3种延缓剂，采用单株小区完全随机区组试验设计，用叶面喷施法在花芽分化期对树体进行第1次喷施，7 d后进行第2次喷施，以喷清水为对照，处理后30,60 d测定母枝及果枝的粗度和长度，处理后60 d测定单叶面积、长宽比、相对叶绿素含量（SPAD）、比叶质量，处理前及处理后30，60，90，120 d采叶烘干测定氮、磷、钾含量。【结果】（1）植物生长延缓剂可显著促进板栗幼树母枝和果枝的横向生长，抑制其纵向生长，不同延缓剂质量浓度对枝条有不同程度的促壮和抑制效应，其中喷施1次30 mg/L的S3307处理母枝增粗率最高，可达39.58%。（2）随质量浓度增加，喷施1次延缓剂各处理单叶面积、叶片长宽比增加，喷施2次延缓剂的各处理大多变化则相反。（3）各延缓剂处理使叶片相对叶绿素含量显著增加，比叶质量大多降低，喷施1次90 mg/L S3307处理的相对叶绿素含量最高，为55.38，喷施2次200 mg/L CCC处理的比叶质量最低，为47.51 g/m2。（4）PP333能使叶片内氮、磷元素得到有效积累，CCC、S3307有利于叶片内氮、钾元素积累。【结论】在板栗花芽分化期喷施2次200 mg/L 15%的PP333、喷施2次300 mg/L 50%的CCC或喷施2次90 mg/L 5%的S3307，是各延缓剂适宜的喷施次数及质量浓度。 |
| 关键词: 板栗枝条 生长延缓剂 枝条促壮 生理特性 |
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| 基金项目:国家林业公益性行业科研专项重大项目(201204401)；“十二五”国家科技支撑专项(2013BAD14B0402) |
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| Effects of growth retardants on branches growth,leaves development and physiology of chestnut |
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ZHANG Yichi,GUO Sujuan,SUN Chuanhao
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The effects of plant growth retardants on growth,leaf development and physiological characteristics of chestnut young branches were studied to determine the suitable concentration and effect on chestnut saplings.【Method】Castania mollissima ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ was selected for treatments by paclobutrazol (PP333) at concentrations of 100,200 and 300 mg/L,chlormequat (CCC) at concentrations of 100,200 and 300 mg/L,and allylzazole (S3307) at concentrations of 30,60 and 90 mg/L.Using a completely randomized block design of single plant community,foliar spray method was used for the first time in the flower bud differentiation period,followed by the second spraying after 7 d.Spraying clear water was taken as control.The thickness and length of mother and fruit branches,leaf area,aspect ratio,relative chlorophyll content (SPAD),and specific leaf quality were measured on day 30 and day 60 after treatment.On days 30,60,90,and 120,leaves were dried to determine the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.【Result】(1) Plant growth retardants significantly promoted the lateral growth of mother branches and fruit branches of chestnut saplings and inhibited the longitudinal growth of saplings.Different concentrations had different growth and inhibition effects.The mother branch treated with 30 mg/L S3307 had the highest increase rate of 39.58%.(2) With the increase of mass concentration,the single leaf area and aspect ratio of leaves were increased by spraying one time delay agent,while most treatments changed in opposite direction after two sprays.(3) Retardants significantly increased the relative chlorophyll content of leaves,while decreased specific leaf mass.The relative chlorophyll content treated by 90 mg/L S3307 was the highest of 55.38.The lowest specific leaf quality treated by 200 mg/L CCC was 47.51 g/m2.(4) PP333 could effectively accumulate nitrogen and phosphorus in leaves,and CCC and S3307 were beneficial to the accumulation of nitrogen and potassium.【Conclusion】Spraying 200 mg/L 15% PP333 twice,spraying 300 mg/L 50% CCC twice or spraying twice 90 mg/L 5% S3307 are suggested based on this study. |
| Key words: chestnut growth retardant branches prosperity physiological characteristics |
