| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究影响不同月龄大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus keta)体质量的重点形态性状，掌握其不同生长阶段的生长特点，为大麻哈鱼规模化人工养殖及其资源深度开发利用奠定基础。【方法】在恒温封闭循环海水系统中人工养殖4月龄、8月龄、19月龄和32月龄野生一代大麻哈鱼，在养殖过程中测定其体质量、叉长、全长、吻长、头长、眼径、尾柄长、尾柄高、体高、头高和体宽等11个性状，采用数理统计方法，对各形态性状之间的相关性进行分析，拟合出能够评估不同月龄体质量的回归方程。【结果】不同月龄大麻哈鱼各形态性状指标中体质量的变异系数均为最大，且随着月龄的增加，变异系数越大，说明大麻哈鱼在实际选择育种过程中潜力较大。相关性分析表明，4月龄大麻哈鱼各性状之间呈现出显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)相关性，8，19和32月龄大麻哈鱼各性状之间均呈现出极显著(P＜0.01)相关性；通径分析结果表明，影响4月龄和32月龄大麻哈鱼体质量的关键性状指标为全长、体高和体宽，8月龄为叉长、体高、体宽、尾柄高和头高，而19月龄则是叉长、体高、体宽和尾柄高，各月龄形态性状对大麻哈鱼体质量的总决定系数分别为0.887，0.890，0.853和0.901，均在85%以上。通过多元逐步回归分析方法建立以形态性状为自变量、体质量为因变量的多元回归方程，剔除与体质量相关性不显著的形态性状，所得方程保留的形态指标与通径分析结果一致。【结论】大麻哈鱼生长过程中体质量与各形态性状之间的相关关系，可以有效应用于大麻哈鱼的人工养殖选择育种及保种。 |
| 关键词: 大麻哈鱼 形态性状 生长特性 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HSY201712Q)； 农业部财政专项物种资源保护项目(2010-2018) |
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| Effects of morphological traits on body mass of Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) |
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LI Peilun,LIU Wei,JIANG Liming,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The effects of morphological characters on body mass and the growth characteristics in different growth stages of Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) were investigated to provide basis for the research of large-scale artificial breeding and deep development and utilization.【Method】Wild Chum salmons at the ages of 4,8,19 and 32 months were breed in the thermostatic closed loop seawater systems.During the breeding process,the Chum salmon were randomly sampled for measuring 11 morphological traits,including the body mass,fork length,total length,snout length,head length,eye diameter,head depth,body depth,caudal peduncle length,caudal peduncle depth and body width.Mathematical statistics methods were used to analyze the correlation between the morphological traits,and obtain regression equations for evaluating body mass at different ages.【Result】Body mass had the largest variation coefficient among all ages,and the coefficient increased gradually with month age,indicating that the Chum salmon has great potential in actual breeding selection.The correlation coefficients between morphometric characters were very significantly different (P＜0.01) or significantly different (P＜0.05) in 4 months old Chum salmon,while all correlation coefficients were very significantly different (P＜0.01) for 8,19 and 32 months old Chum salmon.Path analysis showed that total length,body depth and body width were important traits affecting body mass of 4 and 32 months old Chum salmon,fork length,body depth,body width,caudal peduncle depth and head depth were the key traits for 8 months old Chum salmon,while fork length,body depth,body width and caudal peduncle depth were important for 19 months old Chum salmon.The total determinants of morphological characters on body mass were 0.887,0.890,0.853 and 0.901 for the ages of 4,8,19 and 23 months,respectively.The established multiple regression equations based on the stepwise multiple regression analysis were consistent with the results of path analysis.【Conclusion】The relationship between morphometric traits and body mass in different growth periods can be effectively applied in artificial breeding and protection of Chum salmon. |
| Key words: Chum salmon morphometric traits growth characteristic |
