| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究6-BA对玉米生殖期碳水化合物转运和分配的影响，为细胞分裂素类生长调节剂在玉米生产上的应用提供参考。【方法】通过田间小区试验，在玉米抽丝初期对“穗三叶”叶面喷施不同质量浓度（0，50，100，200，500和1 000 mg/L）6-BA，探讨6-BA对玉米生殖期碳水化合物转运和分配的影响。【结果】玉米进入生殖生长后，其穗位叶叶片中的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量随生长发育的延续而持续降低，叶面喷施6-BA溶液可明显减缓光合色素含量的降低过程。喷施6-BA溶液7 d后，无论是对照还是6-BA处理植株中，可溶性糖含量在叶片-叶鞘-茎秆之间呈现显著增加的趋势，且茎秆中可溶性糖含量显著高于幼棒（穗轴+籽粒）；淀粉含量在叶片-叶鞘-茎秆-幼棒之间逐渐增加，且在幼棒中显著高于其他部位；喷施6-BA可使穗位叶和茎秆中可溶性糖和淀粉含量均有所增加，而且苞叶和幼棒（穗轴+籽粒）中可溶性糖含量及幼棒中的淀粉含量也有所增加，并伴随着各个器官生物量以及单个植株总生物量的明显增加。与对照植株相比，喷施28 d后穗位叶和苞叶中的可溶性糖和淀粉含量无明显变化，但叶鞘、茎秆和穗轴中的可溶性糖和淀粉含量降低；6-BA对各个器官生物量和单株总生物量的促进效应也消失，籽粒中可溶性糖和淀粉含量以及生物量显著增加。【结论】在玉米生殖生长初期，“穗三叶”喷施6-BA可明显减缓光合色素的降解过程，提高各器官中可溶性糖和淀粉的含量，使各个器官的生物量迅速增加，并促进碳水化合物向籽粒的转运及其在籽粒中的积累，从而显著增加单株玉米的籽粒产量。 |
| 关键词: 叶面喷施 6-BA 玉米生理 营养物质分配 籽粒产量 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家“863”科技计划项目（2013AA102902） |
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| Effects of foliar spraying of 6-BA on carbohydrate transfer and allocation of maize at the reproductive stage |
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YANG Xue,PENG Jing,ZHANG Mingming,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the effects of 6-BA on carbohydrate translocation and allocation during maize reproductive period to provide reference for the application of cytokinin growth regulators in maize production.【Method】In the field plot trials,different concentrations of 6-BA solutions (0,50,100,200,500 and 1000 mg/L) were sprayed on surface of three-ear-leaves of maize at the beginning of drawing stage,and the effects on carbohydrate translocation and allocation in the reproductive growth stage were investigated.【Result】After maize plants entered the reproductive growth stage,the contents of chlorophyll a and b as well as carotenoids decreased continuously,whereas foliar spraying 6-BA solutions slowed the reduction of photosynthetic pigment contents.Seven days after spraying 6-BA solutions,in both control and treated plants,soluble sugar contents from leaves to sheath and stem increased gradually and significantly,and the contents in stem were significantly higher than in young corncob.The starch contents gradually increased along leaves-sheath-stem-young corncob (corncob plus grain).In the sprayed plants,soluble sugar and starch contents in ear leaf and stem,sugar contents in bract and young corncob (corncob plus grain) and starch contents in young corncob (corncob plus grain) increased compared to the control plants,in concomitant with a significant increase in biomass of organs and total aboveground biomass of plants.Twenty eight days after 6-BA spraying,sugar and starch contents in ear-leaf and bract were not affected,but the contents in sheath,stem and corncob decreased.The promoting effects of 6-BA on biomass of organs and total aboveground biomass of plants disappeared,while sugar and starch contents and biomass of grains increased significantly.【Conclusion】Spraying 6-BA on “three ear leaves” of maize could slow the reduction of photosynthetic pigment contents during reproductive growth stages and rapidly increase soluble sugar and starch contents and biomass of aboveground organs.Subsequently,the transport and accumulation of carbohydrate in grains and grain yield were significantly increased. |
| Key words: foliar spraying 6-BA maize physiology nutrient allocation grain yield |
