| 摘要: |
| 【目的】对秦岭中段锐齿槲栎群落的物种多样性分布格局及其生态因子影响特征进行分析，为类似分布区域锐齿槲栎天然次生林的保护及可持续经营提供科学依据。【方法】采用样方调查法，在陕西周至及太白山2个研究区依据不同海拔、坡向等设置20个20 m×30 m的样地，调查锐齿槲栎群落乔木层、灌木层、草木层物种的组成和数量，分析其重要值、多样性及环境因子对物种多样性的影响。【结果】锐齿槲栎天然次生林群落乔木层树种共有33种，其中锐齿槲栎优势显著，重要值为42.10%，为该群落的建群种；其次是鹅耳枥，其重要值为10.20%，为该群落的优势种。该群落灌木层共有物种89种，其中乔木29种，占总物种的32.58%；灌木60种，占总物种的67.42%，灌木层中物种繁多，但单个物种的优势度不高。草本层有物种71种，呈随机分布，均具有荫生性特点。该群落不同林层的物种丰富度排序为灌木层＞草本层＞乔木层。当海拔从1 083 m上升到1 547 m时，灌木层和草本层的物种丰富度指数、优势度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数均升高，在海拔为1 547 m时达到最大值；当海拔由1 547 m上升到1 882 m时，物种多样性各指数又逐渐降低。林地光环境的改善有利于林下层物种的更新发育，其物种多样性各指数总体在阳坡相对较高。【结论】海拔、坡向对锐齿槲栎群落物种多样性影响作用明显，海拔1 083～1 547 m的阳坡是锐齿槲栎次生林较为适宜的生长环境。 |
| 关键词: 物种多样性 锐齿槲栎 次生林群落 秦岭中段 |
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| 基金项目:2017年度陕西省教育厅专项科学研究计划项目（17JK1168） |
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| Species diversity of Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata natural secondary forest community in middle segment of Qinling Mountains |
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TONG Yuqing,WANG Junli,HAN Zhenjiang
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This paper analyzed the distribution pattern of species diversity and influencing characteristics of ecological factors of Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata in middle segment of Qinling Mountains to provide scientific basis for the protection and sustainable management of Q. aliena var.acuteserrata natural secondary forest in similar distribution areas.【Method】Quadrat survey method was adopted to set up 20 sample plots of 20 m×30 m in Zhouzhi and Taibai Mountain of Shaanxi at different elevations and aspect directions.The composition and species quantity in arborous layer, shrub layer and herb layer of Q. aliena var.acuteserrata were investigated and the effects of importance value,variety and environmental factors on species diversity were analyzed.【Result】There were 33 tree species found in arborous layer in the natural secondary forest community of Q. aliena var.acuteserrata,among which Q. aliena var.acuteserrata was the dominant and constructive species with an important value of 42.1%.Carpinus turczaninowii was the second domain species with the importance value of 10.20%.There were 89 species in shrub layers,of which 29 species were arbors,accounting for 32.58% of the total species,and 60 species were shrubs,accounting for 67.42%.There were various species in the shrub layer. However,the dominance of individual species was not high.There were 71 species in the herb layer in random distribution with shading characteristics.The species richness in different layers was in the order of shrub layer>herb layer> arborous layer. With the increase of elevation from 1 083 m to 1 547 m,the species richness index,dominance index,diversity index and evenness index of shrub layer and herb layer increased and reached the maximum at the altitude of 1 547 m.When the elevation increased from 1 547 m to 1 882 m,all indexes of species diversity gradually decreased.The improvement of forestland light environment was conducive to the regeneration and development of understory species,and all indexes of species diversity were relatively higher on sunny slope.【Conclusion】Both elevation and slope direction had significant impact on species diversity of Q. aliena var.acuteserrata.The elevation of 1 083-1 547 m and sunny slope were suitable for secondary forests of Q. aliena var.acuteserrata. |
| Key words: species diversity Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata secondary forests community the middle segemnt of Qinling Mountains |
