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陕西米仓山巴山冷杉天然林群落物种多样性及种群分布格局
陈 杰1, 李文君2, 钟娇娇,等1
1.西北农林科技大学 生命科学学院;2.陕西米仓山国家级自然保护区管理局
摘要:
【目的】探讨陕西米仓山巴山冷杉天然林群落的物种多样性及种群分布格局,为巴山冷杉天然林可持续保护及有效管理提供理论依据。【方法】在米仓山巴山冷杉天然林集中分布的上干河沟两侧和塔子坪大垭豁等地共设置9个25 m×20 m的样地,通过典型样地调查,从巴山冷杉林群落乔木层、灌木层、草本层的重要值、丰富度(S)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)和Simpson优势度指数(D)及乔木径级结构等方面,分析巴山冷杉天然林群落物种多样性及多样性指标间的相关性;应用理论分布模型和方差均值比率(v/m)、聚集指数(Ci)、平均拥挤度(m*)、Green指数(Gi)、聚块性指数(Pai)和聚集强度(Pi)等指标,分析主要优势种的空间分布格局。【结果】乔木层中巴山冷杉(Abies fargesii)的重要值为59.14%,为建群种,但其胸径<2.5 cm(径级Ⅰ)的幼苗个体数量严重不足,种群结构衰退。巴山冷杉林乔木层、灌木层、草本层的物种数分别为12,26和53种,各林层的物种多样性差异较明显,灌木层、草本层的H′分别为2.55和3.50,均大于乔木层的1.58;JD值也表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层。种群空间分布分析结果表明,巴山冷杉的v/m为16.95,聚集强度为2.50,属于聚集分布类型,另有乔木层的5个优势种、灌木层的4个优势种和草本层的10个优势种也服从聚集分布,少数优势种则呈均匀或随机分布。【结论】陕西米仓山巴山冷杉天然林群落植物种类比较丰富,林分郁闭度较高,不利于幼苗天然更新及幼树生长,群落已经处于演替后期。
关键词:  陕西米仓山  巴山冷杉天然林群落  物种多样性  种群分布格局
DOI:
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基金项目:中央财政林业保护补助资金项目(2015BCN1256)
Species diversity and spatial distribution pattern of Abies fargesii natural forest community in Shaanxi Micangshan mountain
CHEN Jie,LI Wenjun,ZHONG Jiaojiao,et al
Abstract:
【Objective】Species diversity and spatial distribution pattern of Abies fargesii natural forest community in the Micangshan mountain were investigated to provide basis for sustainable protection and effective management of A.fargesii natural forest community.【Method】Nine plots of 25 m×20 m were established on both sides of Shangganhegou and Taziping in Micangshan mountain and field data were obtained through typical plot investigation.Then,the species diversity and correlations between diversity indicators of A.fargesii natural forest community including important values,richness (S),Shannon-Wiener index (H′),Evenness index (J),Simpson index (D) and diameter structure of dominant tree species were analyzed.The main spatial distribution pattern was also analyzed using the theoretical distribution model and variance mean ratio (v/m),aggregation index (Ci),average crowded degree (m*),Green index (Gi),clustering index (Pai) and aggregation intensity (Pi) and other indicators.【Result】A.fargesii was the constructive species with important value of 59.14%.The number of seedling individuals with DBH<2.5 cm (diameter I) was seriously insufficient,showing declining population structure.The numbers of species in A.fargesii community in tree layer,shrub layer and herb layer were 12,26 and 53,respectively.There were significant differences among species diversity in all layers of the A.fargesii community,and the H′ values of shrub layer and herb layer were 2.55 and 3.50,respectively,higher than that of tree layer (1.58).J and D values were also in the order of herb layer>shrub layer>tree layer.Spatial distribution analysis of population showed that the variance mean ratio of A.fargesii was 16.95 and the clump intensity was 2.50,which belonged to cluster distribution type.There were 5 dominant species in tree layer,4 dominant species in shrub layer and 10 dominant species in herb layer that obeyed cluster distribution,while a few dominant species were uniformly or randomly distributed.【Conclusion】There were abundant plant species in A. fargesii natural forest community with high stand canopy density in Shaanxi Micangshan mountain.The sapling seedling natural regeneration and growth of young trees were affected and the community was in the late stages of succession.
Key words:  Shaanxi Micangshan mountain  Abies fargesii natural forest community  species diversity  population distribution pattern