| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究增氧对施用有机肥水稻土壤中微生物数量和群落结构的影响。【方法】采用盆栽水稻试验，设计了施用有机肥和增氧2个因素，其中施用有机肥因素设施用绿肥紫云英、施用农家肥干牛粪以及不施肥3个水平，增氧因素设加氧和不加氧2个水平，共计有加氧施用绿肥、不加氧施用绿肥、加氧施用农家肥、不加氧施用农家肥和不加氧且不施肥（对照）5个处理，分别编号为OG、G、OF、F、CK，每处理6个重复。将有机肥与土壤混匀后，称取15 kg放入试验桶中，于水稻苗移栽3 d（返青后）开始进行加氧处理，直至水稻收获后停止。于水稻成熟收割期选取不同土层深度的土壤样品，测定不同处理组微生物数量，并进行磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）生物标记分析。【结果】增氧和施用有机肥的各处理组0～15 cm土层微生物数量与CK存在明显差异，施用农家肥处理能够提高土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量；施用绿肥处理能够提高土壤细菌和放线菌的数量，但使真菌数量有所下降。与不加氧处理相比，加氧处理均能够增加施肥土壤中各类微生物的数量。PLFA生物标记分析显示，共检测到32种特定标记的PLFA，但其中只有17种PLFA含量大于0.01 nmol/g，这17种PLFA指示的土壤微生物包括革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、细菌、真菌、放线菌和原核生物。各个处理组土壤微生物群落结构存在明显差异，OG和OF处理组PLFA总量均显著大于G、F处理组和CK。CK组微生物群落主要受真菌和细菌的影响，F处理组微生物群落受革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的影响，OF、OG和G处理组微生物群落主要受放线菌的影响。【结论】增氧处理可以增加施有机肥土壤的微生物数量，影响土壤微生物群落结构。 |
| 关键词: 水稻土壤 增氧 有机肥 微生物 群落结构 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31401951）；湖南省自然科学基金项目（2017JJ3117） |
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| Effects of organic fertilizer on paddy soil microorganism under aerobic conditions |
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ZHANG Licheng,HU Deyong,YANG Jinglin,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the effects of oxygen on microbial population and community structure in paddy soil with organic fertilizer.【Method】 This study adopted pot experiment of rice with two factors of oxygen and organic fertilizer.Organic fertilizer applications included the use of green manure in milk vetch,farmyard manure in dry cow dung and no fertilizer applied,and oxygen applications included with oxygen and without oxygen.A total of five treatments oxygen with green manure,only with green manure,oxygen with farmyard manure,only with farmyard manure,and without oxygen and fertilizer treatment (control),with the codes of OG,G,OF,F,and CK were used and each treatment had six repeats.After mixing the organic manure with soil,15 kg mixture was transferred to each pot and the oxygen started three days after rice seeding while ended after harvest.The soil samples of different soil depth were selected in the mature period of rice,the microbial quantity was determined and the biomarker analysis of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) was carried out.【Result】The number of microorganism at soil layer of 0-15 cm of organic fertilizer treatment group was significantly different from that of CK,and the application of farmyard manure could improve the numbers of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in soil.The application of green manure treatment increased the numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes in soil, but decreased the number of fungi.Compared with un-oxygenated treatment,aerobic treatment can promote the increase of microbial populations in soil.A total of 32 specific markers of PLFA were detected, but only 17 had contents more than 0.01 nmol/g.The 17 PLFAs markers included Gram positive bacteria,Gram-negative bacteria,bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes and prokaryotes.There were significant differences in soil microbial community structure of each treatment group.The total numbers of PLFA in OG and OF treatment groups were significantly greater than that of G,F and CK.Microbial communities of CK were mainly affected by fungi and bacteria,microbial communities of F were affected by Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria,and OF,OG and G groups were mainly affected by actinomycetes.【Conclusion】Aerobic treatment can increase the microbial populations in soil and affect the microbial community structure of soil. |
| Key words: paddy soil adding oxygen organic fertilizer microorganism structure of cluster |
