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枯落物对辽东栎种子萌发及生长的影响
张建国1, 黄财智2, 陈永华,等1
1.延安市 黄龙山林业局;2.西北农林科技大学 林学院
摘要:
【目的】阐明枯落物对辽东栎种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,为辽东栎林天然更新障碍研究及可持续经营提供依据。【方法】在陕西延安黄龙山林区,选择林相良好的辽东栎中龄林采集成熟种子,设置在种子上覆盖0(CK),1,2,3 cm枯落物及在种子下铺垫1,2,3 cm枯落物共7个处理,分析枯落物厚度及铺盖方式对辽东栎种子萌发和幼苗早期生长的影响;采集辽东栎纯林、油松纯林及辽东栎与油松混交林枯落物,用其水浸液处理辽东栎种子,以蒸馏水处理为对照,分析不同枯落物水浸液对辽东栎种子萌发和幼苗早期生长的影响。【结果】枯落物厚度及铺盖方式对辽东栎种子起始萌发时间有显著影响,枯落物厚度为0 cm时萌发最早,在种子下铺垫枯落物时种子的起始萌发时间较种子上覆盖枯落物处理急剧延长。与CK相比,种子上覆盖枯落物的厚度对种子的萌发率和发芽势无显著影响,萌苗的根长、茎长及生物量也无显著差异。而在种子下铺垫枯落物时,枯落物厚度对种子萌发影响显著,种子的最终萌发率和发芽势均显著降低,枯落物厚度为1,2,3 cm时,萌发率分别为41.8%,37.3%和34.0%,萌苗的根长、茎长及生物量亦显著减小,且枯落物厚度越大萌发率和生物量越小;辽东栎种子的萌发抑制率亦大幅增加,且枯落物厚度越大抑制越明显。在不同枯落物水浸液处理下,辽东栎种子的最终萌发率、发芽势、根长、茎长与对照相比均无显著差异。【结论】枯落物主要通过阻碍种子与地面的接触而影响辽东栎的早期更新,合理清理林下枯落物能有效促进辽东栎林的天然更新。
关键词:  辽东栎  枯落物  种子萌发  萌苗生长
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基金项目:国家林业局全国森林经营基础研究项目(1692016-03)
Effects of litter on seed germination and growth of Quercus liaotungensis
ZHANG Jianguo,HUANG Caizhi,CHEN Yonghua,et al
Abstract:
【Objective】The impacts of litter on seed germination and growth of Quercus liaotungensis were demonstrated to provide basis for the natural regeneration of Q.liaotungensis forest and its sustainable management.【Method】Mature seeds were collected from middle-aged Q.liaotungensis forest with good phase in the Huanglongshan Forest Area of Yan’an,Shaanxi.A total of seven seeds treatments were included with 0 (CK),1,2,3 cm litter and 1,2,3 cm litters under seeds.Effects of litter thickness and coverage on seed germination and early seedling growth of Q.liaotungensis were analyzed.Litter samples were also collected from pure Q.liaotungensis,pure Pinus tabulaeformis and mixed Q.liaotungensis and P.tabulaeformis forests.The seeds of Q.liaotungensis were treated with litter aqueous extract,and the effects on seed germination and early seedling growth of Q.liaotungensis were analyzed with distilled water treatment as control.【Result】The litter thickness and mulching pattern had significant effects on the germination time of Q.liaotungensis seeds with the earliest germination when thickness was 0 cm.When laying litter in the bottom,the initial germination time was greatly prolonged.In the upper layer covered with litter,the thickness had no significant effect on seed germination rate and germination potential,and there was no significant difference in root length,stem length and biomass.There was significant difference when laying litter in the bottom.The final germination rate and germination potential of seeds were significantly reduced,and germination rates were 41.8%,37.3% and 34.0% with thickness of 1,2 and 3 cm.The root length,stem length and biomass of seedlings were also significantly reduced.Larger thickness had smaller germination rate and biomass.The inhibition of germination of Q.liaotungensis seeds increased significantly when laying litter in the bottom,and greater thickness had more inhibition.Aqueous extracts of different litters had no significant influence on final germination rate,germination potential,root length and stem length compared with the control.【Conclusion】Litter affected the early regeneration of Q.liaotungensis forest mostly by physically reducing the contact of seeds with soil.Thus,reasonable cleaning up ground cover can promote the natural regeneration of Q.liaotungensis forest.
Key words:  Quercus liaotungensis  litter  seed germination  seedling growth