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慈竹植硅体形态及其发育变化研究
何 蕊1, 邱 坚1, 罗 蓓,等1
西南林业大学 材料工程学院
摘要:
【目的】观察植硅体在慈竹(Bambusa emeiensis)竹秆、叶鞘、箨片和叶片等器官中的分布与形态,为硅在丛生竹材中的沉积规律及竹材生物矿化研究提供形态依据。【方法】从2015年7月慈竹发笋开始,在竹秆长到50,100,200,300,500,800,1 000 cm高时分别在基部、中部及顶部取竹秆样,在慈竹1年生时从其基部、中部取叶鞘和箨片样,从顶部取叶片样,样品制片后利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对植硅体在慈竹生长发育期各器官中的形态进行观测。【结果】竹笋时期表皮无植硅体,竹秆表皮植硅体的形成是硅酸在硅质细胞中连续沉积的过程,竹笋-幼竹时期秆高100 cm时植硅体始见于表皮内;慈竹秆表皮植硅体为长鞍形和椭圆形,秆内部未见植硅体;幼竹上升期(<500 cm),同一竹秆不同部位植硅体大小表现为基部>中部>顶部,成熟竹不同部位植硅体大小无明显差异。慈竹叶植硅体为长椭圆形和哑铃形,成熟叶以哑铃形为主;从新叶到成熟叶,植硅体体积增大。叶鞘植硅体为长椭圆形和鞍形,从内到外长椭圆形的植硅体数量减少,鞍形植硅体数量增多。箨片中植硅体为圆形和椭圆形。【结论】竹笋时期无植硅体,硅质细胞在慈竹发育期形成,同种竹种不同器官植硅体形态有差异。
关键词:  慈竹  植硅体  形态  发育
DOI:
分类号:
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31460169);云南省生物学优势特色重点学科建设项目(50097505);林下生物资源保护与利用科技创新团队建设项目(51400605)
Developmental changes and morphology of phytolith in Bambusa emeiensis
HE Rui,QIU Jian,LUO Bei,et al
Abstract:
【Objective】This paper observed the development,distribution and morphological characteristics of phytolith in different tissues of Bambusa emeinsis,including bamboo culms,culm sheaths,sheath blades,and leaves,during the first year of growth.It would provide morphological basis for the study of silicon deposition in clustered bamboo and biomineralization of bamboo.【Method】Starting with bamboo shoots in July 2015,bamboo culms samples were collected from basal,middle and top after reaching heights of 50,100,200,300,500,800 and 1 000 cm.Culm sheaths and sheath blades were also collected from the base and middle section of bamboo poles and leaves after one year of growth.Samples were studied with light and scanning electron microscopy.【Result】No phytolith was observed during the shoot stage.Formation of phytolith was a continuous process of silica deposition,which first appeared in the culm epidermis when the shoots reached 100 cm in height.Phytoliths in epidermal cells of bamboo culms were mostly rectangular and flattened in shapes,and it was absent in the inner part of the culms.Phytoliths increased in sizes from the base culms to the top culms during the developing stages but were in the similar size after one full year of growth.Phyloliths in leaves were mainly oblong and dumbbell in shape,but dumbbell-shaped phyloliths dominated in matured leaves.Leaf phytoliths increased in size with leaf maturity.Phyloliths in culm sheaths were oblong and saddleback in shape with the increasing frequency of saddleback-shaped phyloliths from inside to outside of the sheaths.Phyloliths in sheath blades were round and ellipse in shape. 【Conclusion】There was no silicon in bamboo shoots,phytoliths formed in the developing stage of B.emeinsis,ant there were differences in the shape of different organs.
Key words:  Bambusa emeiensis  phytolith  morphology  development